충북연구원

○ 본 연구는 청주시 읍면별 콜버스 운영결과를 바탕으로 해당지역의 특성에 따라 이
용 특성이 어떻게 달라지는지에 대해 시사점을 도출하고 지역의 특성에 부합하는
DRT 운영 방안을 제안하고자 하였음
∙ DRT는 지역의 인구, 대상지 면적, 주거분포, 산업, 대중교통체계, 통행특성 등 지역
특성에 따라 이용률, 이용 특성이 달라질 것으로 예상
○ 이를 위해 청주시의 읍면별 지역특성을 통계자료를 통해 비교 분석하고, 읍면별
교통체계, 모바일 데이터와 국가교통 DB를 통해 읍면지역 통행특성을 분석하였음
∙ 청주시는 읍면별로 2천명~7만명 등 인구나 토지이용이 상이하며, 읍면별 통행특성도
읍면 위치에 따라 상이하여 이에 따른 적절한 교통체계가 필요함
○ 청주시 권역별 DRT 운영 현황을 살펴보고, 지역 특성에 따른 DRT 운영 특성을
비교 분석하여 다음과 같은 시사점을 도출하였음
∙ 서비스 권역 설정 시 DRT 서비스 없이 중심도시에서 직접 연계할 수도 있고, 읍면별
로 하나의 생활권을 형성하는 경우 인접 읍면을 묶어 하나의 서비스 권역을 설정
∙ 연령별 분포에 따라 호출형 DRT 이용 방법이 상이하고, 권역의 크기에 따라 호출형과
고정형 노선 간 적절한 기능분담 필요
∙ 통행의 중심지 위치에 따라 서비스 범위를 달리 설정해야 하며, 권역내 산업단지, 학교
등 고정수요 여부에 따라 호출형과 고정형 노선을 적절히 활용해야 함
∙ 대중교통 노선과의 환승체계에 대한 고려가 필요하며, 통행수요에 따라 서비스 범위에
대한 조정 방안도 검토할 필요가 있음
○ 도출된 시사점을 바탕으로 지역 특성에 따라 기존 DRT 운영 개선방향 제시
∙ DRT 운송실적이 부진한 지역의 경우 서비스 권역 설정의 문제, 통행 수요와 부합하
지 않은 운영방안에 대해 개선방향을 제시∙ 통행 중심지 위치가 편측으로 치우침에 따라 호출형 서비스의 비효율이 발생함에
따라 서비스 범위를 조정하는 개선방향 제시
∙ 통행 수요와 운영체계의 불일치 지역에 대해 서비스 범위 조정, 고정형 노선의 조
정방안을 제시하여 통행수요 충족 유도
∙ 통근통학 수요가 높은 지역에 대해 호출형 서비스 보다 고정형 노선을 확충하여
첨두시 통근통학 수요 충족방안 제시
∙ 1회 탑승객이 대부분 1~2명에 불과하여 비효율이 발생하는 문제에 대해 특정시간대
요금할인을 통해 수요를 집중시키는 방안 제시
○ 지속가능한 농촌 대중교통 체계 구축을 위해 DRT를 포함한 대중교통 개편방향 제시
∙ 타 시군에 DRT를 도입하기 전에 우선 기존 전체 대중교통체계를 간선-지선 대중
교통체계로의 개편과 읍면 중심의 지선 교통체계 구축이 선행되어야 함
∙ 읍면 중심의 지선 교통체계 구축에 있어 해당 읍면의 인구분포, 서비스 면적, 중심지
위치 및 특성, 생활권 및 통행 특성에 따라 유형화 하고, 호출형 DRT와 고정형 노선, 공공형 택시로 구성된 지선 교통체계 및 환승체계 구축 방안 제시

Ⅰ. 서론 ······························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ····················································································································· 3

2. 연구내용 및 방법 ····················································································································· 5

3. 연구의 기대효과 및 활용방안 ·································································································· 6

Ⅱ. 청주시 읍면별 지역특성 분석 ······················································································ 7

1. 읍면별 지역현황 ······················································································································· 9

2. 읍면별 가로망 현황 ················································································································ 15

3. 읍면별 대중교통 현황 ············································································································ 22

Ⅲ. 청주시 읍면별 통행특성분석 ······················································································ 27

1. 모바일 데이터 분석 ················································································································ 29

2. 국가교통DB 자료분석 ············································································································ 34

Ⅳ. 청주시 권역별 DRT 운영현황 및 시사점 ································································· 51

1. 권역별 DRT 운영현황 ··········································································································· 53

2. 권역별 DRT 운영실적 ··········································································································· 68

3. 지역특성별 운영특성 ·············································································································· 84

4. 시사점 분석 ···························································································································· 94

Ⅴ. 지역특성별 DRT 운영방안 ························································································ 99

1. 지역특성별 DRT 운영 개선방향 ························································································· 101

2. DRT를 포함한 대중교통체계 개편방향 ··············································································· 112

Ⅵ. 결론 ·························································································································· 119

1. 결론 ······································································································································ 121

2. 정책제안 ······························································································································· 123

참고문헌 ························································································································ 125

본 연구의 목적은 신노년층의 경제적 특성과 함께 이들이 직면하거나 향후 경험할
수 있는 다양한 경제적 문제들에 대한 정책수요 분석, 정부 및 타 지자체 지원정책 사
례 분석 등을 통해 충북지역 신노년층을 위한 경제적 지원방안과 정책과제를 제시하
는 것이다.
연구목적 달성을 위해 본 연구에서는 신노년층에 대한 이론적 고찰과 선행연구 검
토, 신노년층 인구 및 통태적 변화 분석, 경제적 특성 및 정책수요 분석, 정부 및 타
지자체 정책 사례 분석, 충북지역 정책 현황 분석, 전문가 FGI 자문 등을 수행하였다.
신노년층 경제적 특성 및 정책수요 분석, 정부 및 지자체 정책 사례 분석 등을 통
해 시사점을 도출하였으며, 이러한 시사점을 토대로 충북지역 신노년층 경제적 지원에
관한 정책 과제를 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 1. 초고령사회 및 정부정책 대응 노년층 종합지원대책 마련으로 노년층 종합지원
총괄 담당부서 확대 개편(지정), 민관 통합 거버넌스 구축, 충청북도 시니어 비전
2030 종합지원계획 수립 등을 제안하였다.
2. 중장년 일자리 지원 통합 추진체계 구축으로 충청북도 50플러스재단 설립 및 충
북시니어일자리혁신센터 설치, 중장년 사회공헌형 가치동행일자리 발굴, 추진 등을 제
안하였다.
3. 정부부처별 지원사업 연계 노인일자리 확대와 관련하여 정부부처 지원사업 연계
신규 노인일자리 발굴, 도-시군 연계 신규 노인일자리 운영관리체계 마련 등을 제안하
였다.
4. 민간부문 노인일자리 창출 참여 확대와 관련하여 ESG 연계 민간기업 노인일자
리 중개 플랫폼 구축 및 기업문화 확산, 노인일자리 창출 우수기업 선정 대상 및 인센
티브 확대 등을 제안하였다.
5. 시군 귀농귀촌 및 노인일자리 지원 인프라 확충과 관련하여 농촌지역 시니어-청
년 협업형 ‘세대통합 마을학교’ 운영, 신노년 귀농인 리더 육성 및 사회적경제기업 창
업 지원, 시군별 일자리 지원센터내 시니어일자리 전담매니저 배치, 시니어클럽 등 노
인일자리 지원기관 확충 등을 제안하였다. 6. 충북형 일자리 혁신사업 확대 및 고도화와 관련하여 충북형 혁신일자리 통합 추
진체계 구축, 혁신일자리 전용 플랫폼 구축 및 온라인 원스톱서비스 고도화 등을 제안
하였다.
7. 노인 적합 직종 개발 및 교육훈련 강화와 관련하여 다양한 업종에서의 노인일자
리 적합 직종 개발, 고령자 직업능력개발 평생교육 참여기회 확대, 업종별 맞춤형 직
무능력 개발 교육훈련 강화 등을 제안하였다.
8. 일자리 미스매치 해소 및 여성 고령층 경제활동 참여 촉진과 관련하여 노인일자
리 미스매치 해소대책 마련, 여성 고령층 참여 시간제 일자리 확산, 여성 고령층 경제
활동참여 촉진을 위한 돌봄지원 강화 등을 제안하였다.
9. 노년층 경제복지 강화와 관련하여 노년층 금융복지 컨설팅 및 부채관리 교육프
로그램 확대, 노인 공공일자리 참여시 지자체 대응 가산금 지급, 공공일자리 미시행
기간에 대한 기본소득 개념의 생활안정 바우처 지급 등을 제안하였다.
10. 노년층 생활비 부담 완화와 관련하여 노인 다소비형 식료품 등 생활물가 안정
특별대책 마련, 취약계층 1인 독거노인 세대 주거비 바우처 지원 등을 제안하였다.

Ⅰ. 서론 ······························································································································ 1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ···················································································································· 3

2. 연구 범위와 방법 ···················································································································· 5

Ⅱ. 이론적 고찰 ················································································································· 7

1. 신노년층 개념 및 경제적 영향 ······························································································· 9

2. 선행연구 검토 ······················································································································· 14

Ⅲ. 신노년층 경제적 특성 및 정책 수요 ········································································ 19

1. 신노년층 인구 특성 및 통태적 변화 ··················································································· 21

2. 경제적 특성 및 정책 수요 ··································································································· 27

3. 소결 및 시사점 ····················································································································· 63

Ⅳ. 신노년층 정책 및 사례 ····························································································· 71

1. 정부 정책 ······························································································································ 73

2. 타 지자체 정책 사례 ············································································································ 76

3. 충청북도 정책 현황 ·············································································································· 83

4. 소결 및 시사점 ····················································································································· 93

Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언 ············································································································· 99

1. 연구결과 요약 ····················································································································· 101

2. 정책 제언 ···························································································································· 103

참고문헌 ························································································································· 107

ABSTRACT ··················································································································· 110

Table of Contents ····································································································· 112

최근 들어, 도시화와 산업화의 진전에 따라 본래의 기능을 상실한 유휴자원이 늘어나고
있으며, 이러한 유휴자원의 관리와 활용이 지역정책의 중요한 과제가 되고 있다. 중앙정부와
지방정부는 이를 해결하기 위해 다양한 재생정책을 추진하고 있는데, 유휴자원의 효율적
활용은 사회·경제·공간·문화적 측면에서 새로운 부가가치를 창출할 수 있기 때문이다. 특히, 유휴공공시설은 공공이 소유한 자산으로, 활용이 용이하고 지역 발전에 직접적인 파급효과를
기대할 수 있다. 충북도는 폐교, 오송역 선하부지, 제천 청풍교, 자연학습원 등 일부 유휴시설을 대상으로
관광·문화형 사업을 추진하고 있으나, 개별적이고 단선적인 사업 중심의 한계가 지적되고
있다. 이러한 배경하에 본 연구는 충북의 유휴자원에 대한 관광자원화 방안을 제시하는
데 목적을 두었으며, 충북도에서 정책화하기에 용이한 도 소유의 공공시설물을 대상으로
연구를 수행하였다. 연구수행을 위해 관련 개념에 대한 문헌조사, 선진사례 분석 및 현장조사 등을 실시하여
연구의 기틀을 마련하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 충북 유휴공공시설을 활용한 관광자원화 방안을
도출하였다. 도출된 관광자원화 방안은 다음과 같다. 먼저, 유휴공공시설의 운영실태를
정기적으로 조사하고 통합관리체계를 구축하는 것이다. 충북도와 시‧군이 보유한 각종
공공시설물 현황, 이용률, 운영비용, 프로그램 등의 정보를 통합 관리할 수 있는
데이터베이스(DB)를 구축하고, 이를 바탕으로 3~5년 단위의 종합 활용계획을 수립하여
중장기적으로 관리하는 체계를 확립할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 관광자원화를 위한 활용모델 개발과 시범사업 추진이다. 유휴화 정도와 시설 특성에
따라 교육·체험형, 문화·관광형, 축제․이벤트형 등 다양한 유형의 관광자원화 모델을 설계하고, 우선 2~3개의 대표시설을 선정하여 시범사업으로 추진할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 지역사회와
연계를 통한 공공유휴공간의 지역 자산화이다. 지역의 산업유산, 농촌체험, 전통공예 등
기존 지역자원과 유휴공공시설을 연계하여 융복합형 관광콘텐츠를 개발하고, 지역주민․지역활동가 등이 참여할 수 있는 프로그램을 구조화할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 민간영역의 참여 확대이다. 지자체 재정부담 완화, 위험분담, 민간의 전문성 및 효율성 활용 등을 위해 민간투자사업(PPP: Public Private Partnership) 도입을 적극
검토해볼 필요가 있다. 또한, 임대형 시설운영을 통한 민간영역의 사업참여를 확대해 나가야
한다. 마지막으로, 정책적 지원기반 강화이다. 유휴공공시설 활용을 위한 행정절차 효율화를
위한 지침 및 위원회 신설, ‘충북 유휴자원 관광자원화 공모사업’ 추진, 정책추진 협력 거버넌스
구축 등 실질적인 지원기반 마련이 필요하다.

Ⅰ. 서론 ····························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ··················································································································· 3

2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ················································································································· 5

Ⅱ. 유휴자원의 개념 및 활용 ··························································································· 7

1. 유휴자원의 등장배경 및 개념 ······························································································· 9

2. 유휴자원의 발생원인과 활용적 의미 ··················································································· 12

3. 유휴자원의 활용 유형 및 방식 ··························································································· 15

4. 유휴자원의 활용 관련 정책동향 ························································································ 21

Ⅲ. 유휴자원 활용 관련 사례 ························································································· 33

1. 유휴 공공시설물 활용 사례 ································································································· 35

2. 유휴자원 관광자원화 활용 사례 ·························································································· 42

3. 사례분석을 통한 시사점 ······································································································ 51

Ⅳ. 충북 유휴공공시설물 현황 및 관광자원화 방안 ····················································· 55

1. 충북 유휴공공시설물 현황 ··································································································· 57

2. 충북 유휴공공시설물의 관광자원화 방안 ············································································ 60

Ⅴ. 결 론 ························································································································ 65

1. 연구결과 종합 ······················································································································ 67

2. 연구의 한계점 및 향후 연구과제 ························································································ 68

참고문헌 ···························································································································· 69

ABSTRACT ······················································································································ 70

Ⅰ. 충북 서비스무역의 현황과 특성
◯ 2023년 기준 충청북도의 서비스무역 규모는 약 18억불로 전국 서비스 수출의 1.8%
수준으로 추정되며, 이는 제조업 중심 구조로 인해 서비스산업 비중(55%)이 전국
평균(62%)보다 낮게 나타나는 것으로 판단
◯ 서비스 수출은 정보통신, 연구개발, 디자인, 관광･교육 등 지식기반 서비스 중심으로
이루어지며, 주체는 일반적인 대기업보다는 중소기업과 대학, 병원, 연구기관, ICT
스타트업 등이 중심이 되는 구성
◯ 오송･오창 산업단지를 기반으로 BT･ICT 융합형 서비스산업이 성장 중이며, 반면 제조업
연계 서비스(엔지니어링･디자인･컨설팅 등) 수입이 `23년을 기준으로 연평균 6.8% 증가로
수출 증가율(4.1%)을 상회하여 무역수지 적자가 지속되는 상황
◯ 충북의 입지적 여건이 내륙인 관계로 해상물류(maritime logistics) 관련 인프라는
약하지만, 연구개발･시험･인증･기술이전 등 산업연계형 서비스의 성장 잠재력이 높고, 세종･대전 등 인근 혁신클러스터와의 연계 가능성 등의 다양한 잠재력 旣보유
Ⅱ. 서비스무역 경쟁력 분석:
◯ SWOT 관점에서 분석
- 강점(Strengths): BT･ICT 융합산업 기반, 우수한 대학 및 연구인력, 청주 혁신도시
중심의 연구･행정 인프라 보유
- 약점(Weaknesses): 글로벌 네트워크 부족, 서비스 전문인력 한계, 수출 지원 인프라
미비
- 기회(Opportunities): K-Culture 기반 디지털 무역 확산, 한-아세안 교류 확대, 바이오헬스 분야 글로벌 수요 증가
- 위협(Threats): 수도권 서비스 집중 심화, 해외시장 경쟁 격화, 규제 및 인증 장벽 존재◯ 서울･부산 대비 서비스 수출 품목 다양성과 고용비중은 낮지만, 서비스업 생산성
향상률(3.5%)이 전국 평균(2.8%)을 상회하며, 지식기반 고부가가치 산업으로의 전환
가능성 시사
Ⅲ. 주요 과제 및 정책 방향
◯ 충북 서비스무역 활성화를 위해 우선적으로 서비스 수출 생태계 구축 필요
- ‘서비스무역 종합지원센터(가칭)’를 설립해 수출 컨설팅, 해외인증･지식재산 지원, 현지시장 정보 제공 등 통합 지원 기능 수행
- 충북형 서비스산업 통계체계를 마련하고, 충북대･한국교통대 등 지역 대학과 연계한
실무형 무역인력 양성 프로그램을 확대할 필요가 있음
◯ 바이오헬스(임상시험･원격의료･헬스케어 데이터 서비스)와 교육･콘텐츠(온라인
교육･애니메이션･메타버스 등 K-콘텐츠) 등 유망 서비스 분야의 집중 육성이 요구되며, 청주공항을 거점으로 한 의료･문화 융합형 관광 패키지 개발 등 스마트관광 산업의
발전도 필요
◯ 디지털 전환 기반 확충을 위해 ‘충북 디지털 트레이드 허브(가칭)’를 구축하고, 중소기업의
서비스 수출 과정 전자화, AI･빅데이터 기반 시장 분석, 전자상거래 및 SaaS(Software
as a Service)형 수출모델 실증사업을 통해 디지털 무역 기반 강화
Ⅳ. 세부 실행전략
◯ 서비스 수출기업을 위한 금융지원 프로그램을 신설하고, 수출보험공사･무역보험공사와
연계한 지식서비스 보증제도를 도입하여 제도적 지원 기반 강화 필요
- 의료･데이터 등 신산업 분야의 규제샌드박스 허브센터 확대로 서비스산업 혁신 촉진 강구
◯ 글로벌 네트워크 강화를 위해 동남아(특히, 베트남･태국 등)를 중심으로 서비스 수출
거점을 구축하고, 해외 전시회 및 비즈니스 매칭 프로그램 지원으로 해외진출 기회 확대
- 충북 기업과 해외 대학･연구기관 간 공동연구 및 인턴십 프로그램 추진으로 국제협력
역량 강화
◯ 서비스 R&D 지원 확대를 위해 디자인･엔지니어링･소프트웨어 등 지식서비스 분야 연구개발 투자를 늘리고, 오송첨단의료복합단지 내 서비스 실증랩(Test Lab) 설치로
기술 기반 서비스의 상용화 촉진
- KS-S･ISO 등 서비스 품질인증 획득 비용을 지원해 중소기업의 글로벌 신뢰도 제고
방안 강구
Ⅴ. 기대효과 및 추진체계
◯ 2030년까지 충북의 서비스 수출 규모를 현재(약 18억불) 대비 2.5배 수준인 45억불로
확대하는 것을 목표로 서비스산업 고용비중도 55% → 61%로 상승하고, 서비스 전문기업
수도 현재의 두 배 이상으로 증가할 것으로 전망
◯ 제조업 중심의 산업구조가 점차 고부가가치형 산업으로 전환되고, 내수 중심 산업이
수출형 산업으로 전환되면서, 특히 청년층 중심의 양질의 일자리 창출과 지역균형발전에
기여할 것으로 기대
◯ 추진체계는 충청북도청을 중심으로 KOTRA, 무역협회, 중소벤처진흥공단 등 유관기관이
협업하는 구조로 운영되며, 민관협력 기반의 ‘충북 서비스무역 추진협의회(가칭)’를
신설하여 정책 실행력과 지속가능한 지원체계를 확보가 매우 중요할 것으로 판단
Ⅵ. 결론 및 제언
◯ 충청북도는 제조업 중심의 산업구조에서 벗어나 지식서비스 기반의 새로운 성장축을
구축
◯ 단기적으로는 서비스무역 관련 제도 정비와 통계･인프라 기반을 마련하고, 중기에는
유망 서비스 분야의 집중 육성과 디지털 플랫폼 상용화 추진
◯ 장기적으로는 글로벌 시장 진출과 함께 수출형 산업으로의 전환을 완성하는 단계적
전략 필요
◯ 이를 위해 산업통상자원부, 중소벤처기업부 등 중앙정부 정책과의 연계성을 강화하고, 충북의 산업 특성에 맞춘 지역 맞춤형 서비스무역 전략을 지속 추진
◯ 나아가 지역 대학･연구기관･기업 간 협력 기반의 혁신 생태계를 조성함으로써, 충북이
중부권 대표 서비스 수출 거점 지역으로 도약할 수 있을 것으로 판단

I. 서론 ············································································································································ 1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ··················································································································· 3

 1) 연구 배경 ························································································································· 3

 2) 연구 목적 ························································································································· 7

2. 연구 범위 ····························································································································· 9

 1) 연구 범위 ························································································································· 9

3. 연구 내용 및 방법 ················································································································· 9

 1) 연구 내용 ························································································································· 9

 2) 연구 방법 ······················································································································· 11

II. 서비스 무역의 이론적 분석 ································································································ 13

1. 서비스 무역 개관 ················································································································· 15

 1) 서비스업 범위와 내용 ···································································································· 15

 2) 서비스 무역 개관 ··········································································································· 23

 3) 서비스 무역의 특징 ······································································································· 25

2. 서비스 무역의 유형 분류 ···································································································· 27

 1) WTO ······························································································································ 27

 2) IMF BPM6 ··················································································································· 31

 3) ADB의 서비스 무역 분류 ····························································································· 33

3. 서비스 무역의 유형 분류 관련 시사점 ··············································································· 35

Ⅲ. 서비스 무역 주요 동향 분석 ···························································································· 37

1. 글로벌 동향 ·························································································································· 39

2. 국내동향 ······························································································································· 44

 1) 추이 ································································································································ 44

 2) 정책 동향 ······················································································································· 48

3. 충북 동향 ····························································································································· 53

Ⅳ. 충북 실태 조사 ···················································································································· 63

1. 조사 개요 ····························································································································· 65

2. 조사 방법 ····························································································································· 66

3. 실사 진행 및 자료 처리 ······································································································ 704. 조사 결과 ····························································································································· 71

 1) 충북 서비스 산업 인식 수준 ························································································· 71

 2) 충북 서비스 무역 관련 애로요인 ·················································································· 79

5. 시사점 ··································································································································· 84

 1) 요약 ································································································································ 84

 2) 시사점 ····························································································································· 86

Ⅴ. 충북 서비스 무역 활성화를 위한 제언 ·········································································· 87

1. 산업 경쟁력 강화 및 서비스 수출 역량 제고 ···································································· 89

 1) 충북 핵심 서비스 산업 육성 및 고도화 ······································································· 89

 2) 서비스 수출 유망기업 육성 및 맞춤형 지원 ································································ 91

 3) 디지털 기술 융합 통한 고부가가치화 ··········································································· 93

2. 서비스 무역 기반 조성 및 제도･인력 지원 강화 ······························································ 96

 1) 서비스 무역 통계･DB 및 정책기반 확립 ····································································· 96

 2) 맞춤형 금융･제도적 지원 강화 ····················································································· 97

 3) 전문인력 양성 및 지역 네트워크 구축 ········································································· 98

3. 글로벌 협력 및 지역혁신 생태계 강화 ············································································ 101

 1) 해외 네트워크 및 국제협력 플랫폼 확대 ··································································· 101

 2) 지역 혁신생태계 조성 ································································································· 103

 3) 지속가능한 서비스 무역 거버넌스 구축 ····································································· 105

Ⅵ. 결론 ····································································································································· 109

1. 요약 ···································································································································· 111

2. 향후 연구 발전 방안 ········································································································· 114

참고문헌 ····································································································································· 117

1. 국내문헌 ····························································································································· 117

2. 국외문헌 ····························································································································· 119

3. 기타 ···································································································································· 120

Appendix ·································································································································· 123

 부록-EBPOS 2010 체계 ···································································································· 125

 전국 대비 충북의 서비스무역 대상업종 현황 ··························································· 134

 ABSTRACT ·························································································································· 147

n 연구의 배경 및 목적
우리나라는 2025년 7월 65세 이상 인구의 비중이 20.7%에 이르렀고, 고령화가 빠른
속도로 진행되고 있다. 인구고령화는 인구구조, 노동시장, 돌봄체계, 주거·교통 등 일상생활
전반에 영향을 미치게 되므로 사회 전반의 체계적인 대응이 요구된다. 이러한 흐름 속에서 전 세계와 우리나라에서 ‘고령친화도시’ 조성이 확산되고 있다. 고령친화도시는 모든 지역 주민들이 평생에 걸쳐 신체적·정신적·사회적으로 건강하고
활기차게 생활할 수 있도록 제도와 인프라가 갖추어진 지역사회 환경이라고 정의할 수 있다. 세계보건기구(WHO)가 제안한 ‘고령친화도시 국제네트워크(Global Network for
Age-friendly Cities and Communities, GNAFCC)’는 2025년 8월 현재 전 세계 57개국
1,739개 도시·지역이 참여하고 있으며, 국내에서도 2025년 6월 기준 64개 지자체가 가입해
추진 기반을 넓혀 왔다. 또한 2023년 12월 20일 「노인복지법」 개정으로 고령친화도시 조성을
위한 법적 근거가 마련되었고, 2026년 1월 24일 시행을 앞두고 있다. 고령친화도시
국제네트워크 가입은 계량화된 점수 인증에 의해 이루어지는 것이 아니므로
고령친화도시로서의 지위를 인정받는 것은 아니지만, 고령친화적인 지역사회 조성을 위한
지향점을 가지고 있다는 점에서 중요한 의미를 갖는다. 또한 가이드라인에 따른 5년 주기의
계획–이행–평가 ‘과정’을 권고한다는 점에서 지방정부의 실천 로드맵으로서의 의미도 있다. 충청북도는 전국 평균에 비해 고령인구의 비율이 높고, 고령화 속도도 더 빠른 편이다. 게다가 지역별 편차도 심해서 군 지역의 고령화비율은 이미 40%를 초과한 곳도 있어, 고령친화적인 지역사회를 조성하는 데 역량을 결집할 필요가 있다. 그러나 아직까지 도 단위의
고령친화도시 정책 로드맵이나 추진 전략을 마련하지 못한 상태이다. 이에 본 연구는
고령친화도시 지향이라는 정책적 요구에 부응하여 충북의 고령친화적 여건을 진단하고 향후
정책 설계의 기초자료와 근거를 제시하고자 수행하였다. n 주요 연구 결과
연구를 위해 선행연구, WHO 고령친화도시 가이드라인와 국내 사례에 대해 검토하였고, 행정통계와 전국 규모의 서베이 자료, 충청북도의 노인복지 관련 조례와 주요 사업을 바탕으로
고령친화도 분석을 실시하였다. 충북 고령친화도 분석을 중심으로 주요 연구 정리하면 다음과
같다. 먼저, 충북에는 고령친화 환경 조성 및 노인복지 증진을 목적으로 「충청북도 노인복지 기본
조례」, 「고령친화도시 조성 지원 조례」, 「재가노인지원서비스 지원 조례」, 「저소득계층 노인
간병비 지원 조례」, 「일하는 밥퍼 사업 지원 조례」 등 총 여섯 건의 조례가 제정되어 시행
중에 있다. 이들 조례는 고령친화 환경 조성에 있어 복지서비스와 사회참여 영역을 중심으로
제도적 기반을 형성하고 있다. 특히 2025년에는 「고령친화도시 조성 지원 조례」를 포함한
다섯 개의 노인 관련 조례가 제정되어 고령사회 대응 정책을 강화하려는 충북도의 정책 의지와
제도적 기반 확충 노력을 보여주고 있다. 그러나 고령친화도시에 대한 직접적 규정을 포함하고
있는 「노인복지조례」와 「고령친화도시 조성 지원 조례」가 노인복지의 틀 안에서 한정적으로
개념화되고 있고, 추진체계나 평가·환류 장치, 구체적인 재정 지원 기준 등이 구체화되어
있지 않아 실효성에 제약이 있으므로 이를 보완할 필요가 있다. 충북 제5기 지역사회보장계획(2023~2026)과 2023년~2025년까지의 연차별
시행계획에 대해 고령친화도시 가이드라인 8대 영역을 기준으로 살펴본 결과, ‘지역사회 돌봄
및 보건의료 서비스’, ‘사회참여’, ‘시민 참여와 고용’과 관련된 사업들이 비교적 다양하게
포함되어 있는 반면, ‘외부환경 및 시설’, ‘교통’, ‘정보 접근’, ‘존중 및 사회적 통합’ 등은
상대적으로 관련 사업이 적거나 간접적인 수준에 머물러 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 돌봄과
건강관리, 경로당 활용, 일자리 연계 등 복지서비스 중심의 영역은 반복적으로 등장하지만, 고령자의 이동성 향상, 물리적 환경 개선, 디지털 접근성 확보 등 일상생활 전반의 구조적
개선을 위한 정책은 미흡한 것으로 나타났다. n 연구의 함의
충북의 고령친화도시 조성을 위한 방안을 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 우선, 고령친화도시의 실질적인 추진 동력을 확보하기 위해서 개념의 명확화와 정책 체계
정비가 선행될 필요가 있다. 충북의 지리·사회적 특수성을 고려한 지표체계 구축도 핵심이다. WHO 8대 영역을 분석틀로 활용하되, 지역 고령자의 생활조건과 건강상태, 사회적 관계, 정책 수요를 포착할 수 있도록 정량·정성 지표를 함께 개발하고, 정기적인 노인실태조사를
통해 고령자들의 체감과 인식을 지속적으로 수집하고 갱신해야 한다. 현재 「노인복지 기본
조례」가 실태조사를 가능하게 하더라도 임의조항에 머무르면 정책 근거로서의 활용도는
낮으므로, 조사와 평가의 정례화 및 결과의 정책 반영을 법·제도로 명확히 해야 한다. 아울러
부서별로 흩어진 사업을 묶어 총괄·조정할 전담 조직을 설치할 필요가 있다. 도 차원에서는
표준 매뉴얼을 제시하며 기초지자체의 고령친화도시 인증, 고령친화도시 네트워크 가입, 수행 역량 교육, 재정, 컨설팅 등의 지원을 통해 시·군 간 격차를 줄이는 광역적 조정 기능을
강화해야 한다. 무엇보다 고령친화도시는 단기간에 완결되는 사업이 아닌 중장기적으로 추진·관리해야
하는 과제이다. 따라서 주요 사업을 고령친화 관점에서 정기적으로 점검·평가하고, 그 결과를
다음 연도 계획에 반영하는 연속적 환류 체계를 정착시켜야 한다. 이 과정 전반에 고령자를
‘정책의 수혜자’가 아니라 ‘정책의 주체이자 실행자’로 보는 관점 전환이 중요하며, 정책
형성과 집행 전 단계에서 당사자의 의견이 정기적, 구조적으로 반영되도록 참여 체계를
제도화할 필요가 있다.

I. 서론 ································································································································· 1

1. 문제제기 ··································································································································· 3

2. 연구 목적 및 방법 ··················································································································· 5

 1) 연구 목적 ····························································································································· 5

 2) 연구 범위 및 방법 ··············································································································· 5

II. 고령친화도시의 개념 및 선행연구 검토 ······································································· 7

1. 고령친화도시의 개념 ················································································································ 9

 1) 고령친화도시 정의 ············································································································· 9

 2) 고령친화도시의 특성 ·········································································································· 13

2. 선행연구 검토 ························································································································ 15

III. 고령친화도시 사례 분석 ····························································································· 21

1. 고령친화도시 인증제도 ·········································································································· 23

 1) WHO 고령친화도시 가이드라인 ······················································································· 23

 2) WHO 고령친화도시 인증제도 ·························································································· 32

2. 국내 고령친화도시 인증 사례 ······························································································· 37

 1) 서울특별시 ·························································································································· 38

 2) 대전광역시 ·························································································································· 42

 3) 강원특별자치도 ··················································································································· 43

 4) 시사점 ································································································································· 45

IV. 충북지역 고령친화도 분석 ························································································· 47

1. 충북의 고령화 현황 ··············································································································· 49

2. 충북의 고령친화도 분석 ········································································································ 54

 1) 분석 개요 및 방법 ············································································································· 54

 2) 분석 결과 ··························································································································· 58

3. 정책 및 제도 분석 ················································································································· 67

V. 결론 ····························································································································· 75

참고문헌 ···························································································································· 81

ABSTRACT ······················································································································ 84

이 연구는 충청북도의 에너지전환 여건을 종합적으로 진단하고, 향후 지속 가능한 지역
에너지 체계 구축을 위한 전략 방향을 제시하기 위해 수행되었다. 최근 기후위기 대응, 탄소중립 이행, 산업 구조 전환 등 국가적 에너지 정책 변화 속에서 충북 지역이 처한 여건과
과제를 분석하고, 이에 대응하는 실질적 정책 대안을 마련하는 것이 주요 목적이다. 연구에서는 먼저 국내외 에너지전환 정책 및 기술 산업의 현황을 검토하고, 충청북도의
에너지 수급 구조와 인프라, 더 나아가 에너지 전환을 위한 정책 수요를 분석하였다. 그
결과, 충북의 발전량은 태양광 중심으로 구성되어 있으며, 일부 지역에 발전 시설이 집중되는
불균형이 나타났다. 또한 산업·상업 부문에서 에너지 소비 비중이 높고, 신재생에너지 보급은
지역 간 편차가 큰 것으로 파악되었다. 이러한 진단을 바탕으로, 연구는 충북의 에너지전환을 위한 핵심 과제로 △재생에너지
확대와 분산형 전원체계 구축 △지역 산업의 친환경 전환 지원 △주민 참여형 에너지 거버넌스
강화 △기술 인력 양성과 지역 기업의 역량 제고 등을 제시하였다. 특히 중앙정부의 탄소중립
정책 기조에 부합하면서도 지역의 자립성과 지속성을 확보할 수 있는 실현 가능한 전략
수립의 필요성을 강조하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구는 “탄소중립 실현과 지역 상생을 위한 충북형 에너지 대전환 전략”을
제안한다. 이 전략은 에너지 공급과 수요의 균형을 바탕으로 지역 특화 자원을 활용하고, 산업 전환과 사회적 참여를 결합한 통합적 실행체계 구축을 목표로 한다. 이를 통해 충청북도가
지속 가능한 에너지전환과 지역 균형 발전을 선도할 수 있는 기반을 마련하고자 한다.

I. 서론 ································································································································· 1

1. 연구배경 및 목적 ····················································································································· 3

2. 연구내용 및 방법 ····················································································································· 6

3. 선행연구 고찰 ·························································································································· 7

II. 에너지전환 정책기술산업 분석 ··················································································· 11

1. 국내외 에너지전환 정책 분석 ······························································································· 13

2. 에너지전환 기술 및 산업 분석 ····························································································· 20

Ⅲ. 충북 에너지전환 현황분석 ························································································· 25

1. 충북 에너지 수급분석 ············································································································ 27

2. 충북 도내 에너지전환 산업 및 관련 인프라 분석 ······························································· 33

Ⅳ. 충북 에너지 대전환 전략 도출 ················································································· 37

1. 충북 에너지전환 관련 정책 수요 분석 ················································································· 39

2. 충북형 에너지 대전환 실행 전략 ·························································································· 48

Ⅴ. 결론 ···························································································································· 61

참고문헌 ···························································································································· 67

Appendix

1. 부록 ········································································································································ 71

2. ABSTRACT ··························································································································· 77

◯ 환경기초조사사업은 통합물관리 정책의 과학적 기반을 마련하는 핵심 사업임에도
불구하고, 예산 비중이 낮고 단기 중심의 과제 구조, 연구 분야 간 불균형 및 정책 활용도
미흡 등 구조적 한계가 지속되고 있음. 특히 충북 지역은 금강 수계의 주요 관리구역이
집중된 핵심 지역임에도 지역 차원의 전략적 대응이 제한되고 있음. 이러한 현황을 고려할
때, 충북의 물환경 개선과 수계기금의 전략적 확보를 위해 다음과 같은 정책적 개선이
필요함. ◯ 첫째, 중장기 조사체계 강화가 요구됨. 수질·수생태계·비점오염·유량 등 핵심 정보는 단기
조사로는 확보가 어렵기 때문에 다년도 과제 확대와 연속성 있는 데이터 축적 체계가
필요함. ◯ 둘째, 충북 지역은 금강 수계관리기금의 최대 수혜지역이므로, 지역 맞춤형 분석·기획 기능을
강화할 전담조직 또는 협력체계 구축이 필요함. 예컨대 충북형 물환경 조사·기획 플랫폼을
통해 조사자료 통합DB를 구축하고, 우심지역 자동 진단, 중점관리지역 선정, 신규 기금사업
발굴 등 실질적인 의사결정 지원 기능을 강화해야함. ◯ 셋째, 정책활용도 제고를 위한 연구–행정 연계 강화가 필수적임. 연구결과가 단순 보고서에
머물지 않도록, 충북도·유역환경청·수계위 간 협력으로 정책활용 중심의 성과지표를 새롭게
도입하고, 연구성과와 직접 연계하는 구조가 마련되어야함. ◯ 넷째, 디지털 트윈, 빅데이터, AI 기반 수질 예측 등 신기술 기반 물관리 체계를 조기
도입하여 충북의 현장 대응력을 높여야함. ◯ 마지막으로, 수계 간·지자체 간 공동연구 체계 구축이 요구됨. 금강·한강 수계가 연접한
충북의 특성을 고려하면, 경계지역 공동 조사, 상류-하류 정보 공유, 유역 기반 협력사업
기획 등 다수의 연계형 과제가 가능함. 이를 통해 충북은 수계 차원의 광역 관리체계와
연계되며 수계기금 확보 전략도 강화할 수 있음. ◯ 요컨대, 충북의 물환경 개선을 위해서는 기존의 개별 연구 중심에서 벗어나, 데이터
기반·기술 기반·정책 연계 기반의 통합형 물환경 관리체계로 전환하는 것이 핵심이며, 이를 뒷받침하기 위한 제도적·기술적 기반 강화가 필요함.

Ⅰ. 연구 개요 ···················································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ················································································································· 3

2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ················································································································· 4

Ⅱ. 수계관리기금 운용 현황 ····························································································· 9

1. 물이용부담금 ······················································································································ 11

2. 수계관리기금 ························································································································ 12

3. 종합 ······································································································································ 35

Ⅲ. 환경기초조사연구 현황 ···························································································· 37

1. 개요 ······································································································································ 39

2. 문제점 ··································································································································· 48

3. 운용 현황 ····························································································································· 50

4. 연구과제 현황 ······················································································································ 52

5. 종합 ······································································································································ 53

Ⅳ. 충북 지역 연구 현황 ······························································································· 55

1. 시간적 연구 특성 ··············································································································· 61

2. 공간적 연구 특성 ················································································································· 69

3. 수질오염총량제 4단계 달성도 ····························································································· 76

4. 종합 ······································································································································ 77

Ⅴ. 결론 및 정책 제언 ··································································································· 79

1. 결론 ······································································································································ 81

2. 정책 제언 ····························································································································· 85

3. 향후 연구 ····························································································································· 89

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 91

ABSTRACT ···················································································································· 96

한국 복지국가의 소득보장제도는 노동시장의 구조변화, 인구학적 문제, 경기침체, 디지털화 등으로 사각지대가 넓게 형성되어 있다. 이에 대내외적으로 대안적 소득보장제도를
위해 보편적 기본소득, 선별적 기본소득(음의 소득세), 디딤돌소득(이전 안심소득), 기회소득, 참여소득, 사회수당제 등의 모델이 실험되거나 논의하고 있다. 충북은 보충적 소득보장제로
자원봉사 형태의 일하는 밥퍼사업, 도시농부사업을 시행하고 있다. 그리하여 이번 연구에서 이러한 국내외 대안적 소득보장제도 실험과 개혁 논의에서
시사점을 도출하여 충북에 적용 가능한 대안적 소득보장 제도 도입의 가능성을 탐색해 보고자
하였다. 대안적 소득보장제 논의 및 사례들을 종합하여 충북에 주는 시사점을 도출하고, 동시에 현 정부가 추진하고자 하는 농어촌 기본소득, 햇빛연금과 바람연금을 검토한다. 그리하여 충북에 대안적 소득보장제의 가능한 방안을 제안하였다. 현재 전 세계적으로 유사 기본소득 파일럿 프로젝트가 여럿 실험했거나 계획 또는 진행
중이나 사실 대개의 실험이 재원과 의지의 부족으로 단기간, 조건부과적 저급여, 제한된
지역과 특정 빈곤층 대상 선정 등으로 한계가 있었다. 대상 선정기준이나 근로와 관련하여
조건 없는 지급과 장기실험 사례는 독일 베를린과 미국 정도이다. 독일의 실험은 2021~2024년 3년간 시행했으며 1,200유로(약 168만 원)를 독일에
거주하고 있는 주로 1인 중위소득 개인을 대상으로 신청을 받아 무작위 추출하여 매월
지급하는 것이었으며, 이 급여에는 소득세 면제를 적용하여 대조군과 비교하였다. 미국의 실험은 무작위로 선정된 성인 1,000명의 참가자 중 가구소득이 기준 중위소득의
300% 이하이고 소득이 미국 빈곤선보다 300% 이상 높지 않은 1,000명의 참가자를 무작위로
선정해서 그들에게 3년 동안 매월 1,000달러를 지급하고 대조군과 비교하였다. 기간은
2020년 11월부터 2023년 10월까지　미국의 2개 주 ‘일리노이주와 텍사스주의 18개
카운티’에서 실시하였다. 미국과 독일의 조건 없는 기본소득 실험에서 고용관계나 노동시간의 변화에 있어서는 큰
변화가 없었다. 그러나 베를린 기본소득 실험에서는 기본소득 급여가 주로 미래 투자 저축, 일부 사회적 기부 등에 소비하고, 삶의 만족도, 정신건강 영역에서 긍정적인 효과가 나타났지만, 미국의 실험은 주로 주거비, 식비, 자동차 비용, 의료비 등 1차 기본서비스 비용에
많이 지출되었고, 삶의 만족도와 정신건강 영역에서 만족도는 변화가 없었다. 유사한
실험일지라도 실험 대상 지역의 노동시장 구조와 상황, 공적 사회보장시스템의 구축 정도, 보편적 사회서비스 제공 정도 등에 따라 실험 결과는 차이가 있을 수 있다. 국외 대안적 소득보장제의 실험과 시행이 시사하는 점은 우선 대개의 대안적 소득보장
실험이 실험의 재원, 정치적 실행 의지 결여 등으로 보편적 기본소득 실험이기보다는 단기간, 조건부과 저급여, 한정된 계층 대상으로 시행한 곳이 주를 이룬다. 그러나 미국과 독일의
조건 없는 장기간 기본소득 실험 결과는 향후 대안적 소득보장제 논의에 근거 기반 자료를
축적하는 데 도움을 주고 있다. 국내 실험 중 서울의 디딤돌 소득은 선별복지로 가구별 중위소득의 85% 기준 미달액의
절반을 지원하는 생계급여의 보충 실험이다. 음의 소득세 모형의 변형으로 저소득층 대상의
최소소득보장 모형이다. 경기도의 기회 소득은 농어민, 예술인, 장애인, 체육인, 기후행동, 아동돌봄 6개 분야의 취약계층 대상 사회적 가치 창출을 보상하는 정책이다. 어느 정도
소득 보충적 실험이어서 보편적 확대 가능성은 적다고 판단된다. 사회수당도 일정부분
보충적 소득 형태이고 일부 지자체에서 제각각 실시하고 있어서 실업자, 농민, 자영업자, 빈곤 노인 등을 위한 대안적 소득보장이라고 볼 수 없다. 충북의 일하는 밥퍼사업, 도시농부사업도 참여를 전제로 한 수당의 성격을 지니고 있다. 두 사업 모두 한시적 제한적 사업이며 급여 수준도 최저임금 이하의 수당이 지급되는 정규
일자리 창출과는 다른 소득지원 성격이다. 소득지원의 유형을 구분하자면 충북의 생산적
일자리 사업들은 미국과 독일의 보편적 기본소득 실험이나 국내의 음의 소득세 변형인
디딤돌소득, 경기도의 기회소득과는 결이 다른 자원봉사 유형의 참여수당이라고 볼 수 있다. 충북의 현 소득지원 사업들은 노인빈곤, 자영업 파산, 실직과 조기 퇴직(연금수급까지
소득공백기 대상)으로 인한 소득 상실기에 지원할 방안은 아니다. 특히 도농 복합, 농촌지역이
많은 충북은 농촌의 소득 보전에 대한 대안이 있어야 한다. 농촌기본소득이라는 명제 아래
보편적 현금 급여나 현물제공이거나, 또한 느슨한 참여를 전제로 한 참여소득이 지급될 수
있는 정책을 개발하여야 한다. 이미 언급하였듯이 임금노동 복지체계의 지속가능성에 한계가
있으므로 임금노동이 아닌 포괄적 사회적 활동을 전제로 복지급여의 재구성이 필요하다. 농촌의 사회경제적 낙후, 인구 소멸 등에 대응하는 기존 소득보장, 균형발전 정책으로는 이 문제를 해결할 수 없다. 특히 도시와 농촌 간 소득양극화도 심화하고 있으므로 농촌기본소득이
우선 도입되어야 한다. 그러나 재원의 한계로 기본소득의 급여 수준이 충분하지 않을 수 있다. 그리하여 느슨한 참여 조건을 전제로 한 참여소득의 방향에서 정책 사업들이 개발되어
충분하지 않은 저급여를 보완할 수 있어야 한다. 그리하여 요즘 중요한 기후위기 재생에너지
확대와 맞물리는 환경적 가치를 높이는 일자리, 그리고 돌봄 영역에서 일자리 등 생태적 사회적
영역에서 일자리의 참여를 전제로 한 급여의 제공이 확대된다면 기본소득과 참여소득이
더해져서 보편적 기본소득으로서 대안적 소득보장의 방안이 될 것이다. 단 참여 자격, 지급
수준 등은 논의가 필요하다. 충북도에 농촌 기본소득 실험과 관련하여, 정부가 최근 공모를 거쳐 7개 군을 선정하고, 추가 3개 군을 지정하여 내년부터 2년간 농어촌 기본소득 시범사업을 시행한다. 충북 옥천이
시범사업에 어렵게 추가 지정되었다. 이후 정부는 시범사업의 성과와 함께 사업 지역을 확대해
갈 계획이다. 충북은 다소 재정자립도가 낮은 지역이라 지방비 부담이 있지만, 시범사업이
성과를 내어 도내 전역으로 확대될 수 있도록 관리하여야 한다. 정부에서 추진하고자 하는 햇빛연금, 바람연금과 관련하여 충북 햇빛발전소와 충주
시민햇빛발전사회적협동조합은 시민단체 중심으로 조합출자를 통해 이익을 공유하는
사례이나 규모도 작고 현재 1호기에 멈춰있다. 지자체에서 공유부지를 임대하는 등의 지원도
현재 없다. 충북 괴산군 소수면에 있는 태양광발전소는 부지 임대료가 고령자에게 지급되는
주민참여형 상생모델이라고는 하나 약정된 (연)금액이 소득으로 잡히다 보니 불이익을
겪기도 한다. 정부의 ‘2050 탄소제로’ 정책에 맞추어 시민참여 재생에너지 사업에
관심이 국내외적으로 점차 증대되는 추세이나 충북 지자체나 주민들의 관심은 적은
편이다. 국내 사례에서 보듯이 신안군은 ‘신안군 신·재생에너지 개발이익 공유 등에 관한 조례’를
제정하여 햇빛연금, 바람연금, 아동연금 같은 기본소득형 배당의 이익공유를 실현하고 있다. 여주 구양리는 마을주민이 발전시설을 소유하고 있으며 발전수익을 마을공동체를 위해 하루
한 끼 무료급식과 자체 마을버스 운행, 문화생활 지원 등 주민복지를 위해 사용하고 있다. 익산시 성당포구마을은 역시 국민연금관리공단과 관련 기관들이 협력하여 마을 70세 이상
고령자에게 매달 10만 원씩 지급하는 마을자치연금을 시행하고 있다. 재생에너지개발을
활용하여 농촌 마을 노후소득보장에도 기여하고 있는 것이다. 그리고 대도시 안산의
시민햇빛발전소도 현재 45호기까지 설치하였다. 도시지역에서도 지자체의 관심과 협력이 있다면 얼마든지 재생에너지 발전시설을 설치할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 국내외 대안적 소득보장 실험과 관련한 사례를 종합하여도 기존 충북도의 생산적 자원봉사
일자리는 한계가 명확하다. 이러한 보충적 잔여적 수당으로는 도농, 농촌지역의 소득보장
사각지대를 메울 수 없다. 충북도와 지자체가 도민의 삶의 질을 위해 보편적 전면적 기본소득을
실시하기에는 우선 재원의 문제가 크므로 현 정부에서 추진하고자 하는 농촌 기본소득, 햇빛연금과 바람연금 마을 사업에 적극적이어야 한다.

Ⅰ. 서 론 ···························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ····················································································································· 3

2. 연구 방법과 내용 ····················································································································· 5

Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ·················································································································· 7

1. 이론적 담론 ···························································································································· 9

2. 선행연구 검토 ························································································································ 11

III. 대안적 소득보장제도의 실험 동향 ············································································· 15

1. 국외 ········································································································································ 17

2. 국내 ········································································································································ 24

IV. 충북의 보충적 소득보장실태와 제도 ········································································· 41

1. 실태 ········································································································································ 43

2. 제도 ········································································································································ 44

V. 충북 대안적 소득보장제도 도입 방안 ······································································ 53

1. 농촌기본소득 실험 ················································································································· 55

2. 햇빛연금, 바람연금 ·············································································································· 60

VI. 결 론 ·························································································································· 75

1. 요약 ······································································································································ 77

2. 제언 ········································································································································ 81

참고문헌 ···························································································································· 83

ABSTRACT ······················································································································ 90

Table of Contents ········································································································ 92

전 세계적으로 인공지능(AI) 기술의 급속한 발전과 함께, 이를 구현하기 위한
AI 반도체의 중요성이 크게 부각되고 있다. AI 반도체는 대규모 연산을 효율적으로 처리하는 맞춤형 구조를 지녀, AI 산업
전반의 경쟁력과 기술 자립도를 결정짓는 핵심 인프라로 자리매김하고 있다. 이에
따라 주요국은 반도체 공급망 재편과 AI 기술 선점을 위한 국가전략을 강화하고
있으며, 우리나라도 메모리반도체와 함께 시스템반도체 및 AI 반도체를 미래성장
동력으로 지정하여 대규모 투자와 기술개발을 추진 중이다. 국내 AI 반도체산업은 생성형 AI 확산으로 학습 및 추론 연산 수요가 폭증하면
서, 저전력·고효율 NPU(Neural Processing Unit)를 중심으로 한 시장 구조가
재편되고 있다. 그러나 산업·연구 인프라와 전문 인력이 수도권에 집중되어 있어
지역 단위의 기술 실증과 응용 생태계는 아직 미흡한 수준이다. 충청북도는 청주 일대의 앵커기업을 중심으로 반도체·소재·장비 산업이 집적되
어 있고, 인공지능 시스템반도체 융합연구센터 등 일부 연구 기반이 조성되어 있
어 AI 반도체 실증 거점으로의 성장 잠재력이 있다. 그러나 설계-검증-응용을 아
우르는 통합형 생태계가 미완성 상태이며, 기술개발 및 산업응용을 뒷받침할 전문
인력과 테스트 인프라 또한 부족한 실정이다. 이에 충청북도는 수도권과 차별화된
‘보급형 AI 반도체 실증·검증 중심지’로서의 전략적 위치를 정립하고, 국가 AI 반
도체 혁신정책과 연계한 지역 특화형 대응전략을 추진해야 한다. 충청북도의 AI 반도체산업 발전 방향은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 보급형 AI 반도체(NPU) 중심의 지역 특화 설계·기술개발 허브를 조성해야 한다. 충북은 고성능 AI 칩 중심의 경쟁보다는 온디바이스(On-Device) AI, 산업용
보급형 NPU 개발을 전략축으로 삼아야 하며, 생활가전·로봇·스마트팩토리 등 중
소형 응용분야에서 국산 NPU 레퍼런스 모델을 확보함으로써 기술 실증과 시장
확산을 병행해야 한다. 충북대학교, 한국교통대 등 지역 대학 중심의 AI 반도체
설계·검증 융합 교육과정 개편과 산학공동 연구 허브 구축을 통해 인력양성과 기술개발의 선순환 구조를 형성해야 한다. 둘째, AI 컴퓨팅센터 및 산학연 연계형 AI 생태계 기반을 구축해야 한다. 충북은 산업 입지와 접근성을 고려해 AI 반도체 연구·학습·실증의 통합 거점인 “충북 AI 컴퓨팅센터(Chungbuk AI Computing Center)” 유치를 추진할 필요가
있다. 이를 통해 국가 거점형 AI 데이터센터 및 K-클라우드 프로젝트와 연계하
고, AI 반도체 연산 인프라를 구축하여 반도체 설계검증과 AI 모델 학습을 지원
해야 한다. 또한 센터를 산학연이 공동 활용하는 오픈 이노베이션 허브로 발전시
켜 AI 반도체 기술의 실증과 상용화를 촉진하고, 충북 반도체 후공정 산업과 연계
한 지역형 R&D 네트워크를 조성해야 한다. 셋째, 후공정 인프라 기반의 AI 반도체 테스트·실증 플랫폼을 구축해야 한다. 충북은 이미 보유한 패키징·테스트 산업 인프라를 활용해 AI 반도체 특성에 최
적화된 실증 플랫폼을 조성하고, 반도체 후공정 장비·소재 기업과 연구기관이 참
여하는 테스트 얼라이언스를 구성해야 한다. 이를 통해 도내 기업이 AI 반도체 특
성평가 및 공정기술 고도화에 직접 참여하도록 유도하고, 향후 방사광가속기의 정
밀 분석 기능을 활용해 AI 반도체 신소재·구조 분석 및 신뢰성 평가를 위한 국가
실증체계와 연계해야 한다. 나아가 공공·민간 팹 공동활용을 통해 기술사업화 성
공률을 높이고, 글로벌 반도체 공급망 재편 속에서 충청북도를 후공정 중심 AI 반
도체 기술 검증 허브로 육성해야 한다.

Ⅰ. 연구개요 ······················································································································ 1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ················································································································· 3

2. 연구 내용 및 방법 ················································································································· 6

Ⅱ. AI 반도체 정의 및 범위 ···························································································· 7

1. AI 반도체 정의 ······················································································································ 9

2. AI 반도체 범위 ···················································································································· 14

Ⅲ, 국내외 AI 반도체산업 현황 및 정책 동향 ··························································· 19

1. 세계 AI 반도체산업 현황 및 정책 동향 ············································································ 21

2. 국내 AI 반도체산업 현황 및 정책 동향 ············································································ 40

Ⅳ. 충북 반도체산업과 AI 반도체 육성 정책 동향 ···················································· 55

1. 충북 반도체산업 현황 ·········································································································· 57

2. 충북 반도체산업 정책 동향 ································································································· 66

3. 충북 AI 반도체산업 육성 정책 동향 ·················································································· 71

Ⅴ. 충북 AI 반도체산업 전략 방향 ··············································································· 73

1. 정부 R&D 사업 분석을 통한 여건 진단 ··········································································· 75

2. 충북 AI 반도체산업 전략 방향을 위한 분석 ····································································· 86

3. 충북 AI 반도체산업 전략 방향 ··························································································· 92

ⅤI. 시사점 및 정책제언 ································································································ 95

1. 시사점 ··································································································································· 97

2. 정책제언 ······························································································································· 98

참고문헌 ························································································································ 101

ABSTRACT ·················································································································· 103

인공지능은 생성형 AI와 멀티모달 AI 등 신기술을 중심으로 급속히 발전하고 있으며, 이에 따라 글로벌 시장은 2032년까지 약 2조 5천억 달러 규모로 확대될 것으로 전망된다. 미국, 중국, EU 등 주요 선진국은 대규모 투자와 함께 규제 및 윤리 체계를 동시에
강화하면서 AI 패권 경쟁을 주도하고 있다. 제조업 역시 AI 도입에 따라 구조적 변화를
겪고 있으며, 특히 반도체, 배터리, 바이오·의료, 에너지·소재 산업은 AI 활용을 통해
생산성 향상과 혁신적 성과 창출이 기대되는 대표적인 분야로 평가된다. 충청북도는 이러한 변화 속에서 디지털 대전환 전략 수립, AI 자율제조 실증사업, 특화산업 AI 융합 지원정책 등을 추진해 왔으나, 여전히 데이터와 컴퓨팅 인프라 격차, 지역 내 AI 전문 역량 부족이라는 구조적 한계에 직면하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는
급변하는 AI 기술 발전과 시장 확산에 대응하여 충북 전략산업의 경쟁력 강화를 위한
맞춤형 AI 활용 전략을 모색하는 데 목적을 두었다. 이는 단순히 개별 산업 차원의
AI 도입을 넘어, 데이터·컴퓨팅 인프라 확충, 인재 및 창업 생태계 조성, 거버넌스 체계
정립 등 지역 전체의 AI 기반 생태계를 마련하고, 글로벌 규제·표준과 정합성을 갖춘
충북형 AI 확산 모델을 구축하기 위함이다. 연구의 주요 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 충북은 오창과 오송을 중심으로 한 AI 컴퓨팅
센터와 데이터센터, 클라우드 인프라를 확충하여 지역 기업의 AI 접근성을 강화해야
한다. 반도체와 배터리 분야에서는 AI 기반 설계 자동화, 공정 최적화, 결함 예측 등의
기술을 적극적으로 실증하고 확산하여 OEE(Overall Equipment Effectiveness,
설비종합효율성) 향상과 불량률 저감 등 가시적 성과를 확보할 필요가 있다. 바이오·의료
산업에서는 AI 진단보조와 영상 판독, 데이터 기반 신약개발, 맞춤형 헬스케어 플랫폼을
확산시킴으로써 오송·충주 바이오 클러스터의 경쟁력을 제고할 수 있다. 에너지·소재
산업 또한 AI를 통한 예측정비, 에너지 관리 자동화, 신소재 개발 응용을 통해 친환경
전환과 신산업 창출을 촉진해야 한다. 둘째, 충북은 데이터 스키마 표준화와 벤더중립적 모델 게이트웨이 운영을 통해 산업
공정 데이터를 통합 관리할 수 있는 기반을 조성해야 하며, 반도체·바이오·에너지 등 핵심 산업별 데이터를 집적하는 데이터레이크를 구축하여 AI 학습과 분석의 유연성을
확보할 필요가 있다. 더불어 충북형 AI 영향평가(AIA)를 제도화하여 안전, 품질, 권리, 환경에 대한 사전·운영·사후 평가를 수행하고, C2PA(Coalition for Content
Provenance and Authenticity)1) 및 콘텐츠 크리덴셜 기반 라벨링을 통해 투명성을
보장하는 체계를 마련해야 한다. 셋째, 충북의 AI 확산 전략은 인프라와 기술 도입에 국한되지 않고 인재 양성과 창업
생태계 조성으로 이어져야 한다. SW중심대학과 산・학・연 협력을 통해 현장 수요
기반의 전문인재를 양성하고, AI 스타트업 육성과 창업 지원을 강화함으로써 지역 내
혁신 역량을 제고해야 한다. 동시에 시민과 산업계를 대상으로 한 교육·홍보를 병행하여
AI 활용에 대한 신뢰와 수용성을 높이고, 도민 삶의 질 향상으로 이어지도록 해야 한다. 본 연구는 가속화되는 글로벌 AI 경쟁과 산업별 활용 확산 추세에 대응하기 위해
충북이 지향해야 할 전략적 방향을 제시하였다. 충북은 전략산업의 맞춤형 AI 융합을
통해 산업 경쟁력을 강화하고, 데이터와 컴퓨팅 인프라, 인재와 거버넌스 기반을
종합적으로 구축함으로써 지속가능한 AI 확산 모델을 시급히 마련해야 할 것이다. 이는
지역 첨단산업의 혁신을 넘어 충북이 국가적 AX 전환을 선도하는 핵심 거점으로 도약하기
위한 필수 조건이기 때문이다.

Ⅰ. 연구 개요 ················································································································ 1

1. 배경 및 목적 ······················································································································ 3

2. 주요연구 내용 ···················································································································· 4

Ⅱ. 인공지능 관련 기술 및 정책동향 ········································································· 7

1. AI기술 구조 및 개념 ········································································································· 9

2. 국내·외 AI 관련 정책동향 ······························································································· 28

3. AI기술 선도기업 동향 ····································································································· 39

4. 제조업 AI활용 시장전망 및 트렌드 변화 ······································································· 55

Ⅲ. 국내 지자체 인공지능 도입 사례 및 충북 현황 ················································· 61

1. 지자체 별 인공지능 도입 사례 ····················································································· 63

2. 충북 AI활용 동향 및 제조업 도입 현황 ········································································ 68

Ⅳ. 충북 전략산업 AI 경쟁력강화 방안 ····································································· 75

1. 디지털 인프라 및 산업AI 허브(AI Hub) 구축 ······························································ 77

2. 공급망 중심의 AI 기반 제조업 디지털 대전환 ···························································· 79

3. 산업별 AI 융합 확대 및 응용서비스 고도화 ································································· 81

4. 목표중심의 인재양성 및 거버넌스 체계 강화 ································································ 83

5. 지역 데이터·컴퓨팅 인프라(“충북 AI 유틸리티”) 고도화 ·············································· 84

Ⅴ. 결론 및 시사점 ····································································································· 87

1. 연구요약 및 결론 ············································································································· 89

2. 시사점 ····························································································································· 91

ABSTRACT ················································································································  93