충북연구원

전 세계적으로 고령화와 저출산으로 인한 노동가능인구 감소가 심화되는 가운데, 특히 고령화로 인
한 노동력 부족 문제가 지역 단위에서 주요 현안으로 대두되고 있다. 충청북도 역시 고령층(65세 이상)
의 경제활동이 높은 반면, 산업 전반의 인력부족률과 빈 일자리율이 전국 최고 수준을 기록하는 등 구
조적 인력난이 지속되고 있다. 이러한 상황에서 충북도는 제조업과 농가의 만성적 인력 부족을 완화하
고, 경제활동을 하지 않는 유휴인력의 노동시장 진입을 촉진하기 위해 『충북형 도시근로자 지원사업』
과 『충북형 도시농부 사업』을 추진해 왔다. 두 사업의 참여 규모는 2023년 대비 2024년에 큰 폭으로 증가했으며, 참여자와 기업·농가 모두에
서 만족도가 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 2024년 실적을 바탕으로 분석한 결과, 도시근로자 지원사
업은 128.4억 원의 최종수요를 창출하여 196.8억 원의 생산유발효과, 117.6억 원의 부가가치유발효
과, 315.1명의 취업유발효과를 발생시킨 것으로 분석되었다. 도시농부 사업 또한 108.0억 원의 최종수
요를 기반으로 177.7억 원의 생산유발효과, 93.6억 원의 부가가치유발효과, 326.2명의 취업유발효과
를 유발하는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러 두 사업은 지역경제 성장, 취약계층 소득증대, 사회적 연대 강
화, 지역 공동체 활성화, 기후변화 대응 등 다양한 정성적 효과도 창출하는 것으로 평가되었다. 정책적 측면에서, 향후 충북형 단기근로자 사업의 지속성과 효과성을 강화하기 위해서는 운영체계와 성
과관리의 고도화가 요구된다. 플랫폼노동의 확대와 고령화 심화 등 변화하는 노동환경에 대응하여 단순 단
기 일자리를 넘어 지역 산업 인력 수급을 상시적으로 매칭하는 인력 플랫폼으로 전환할 필요가 있다. 이를
위해 직무·경력·숙련도 기반의 통합 DB 구축, 산업별 인력수요 분석의 정례화, AI 기반 매칭 체계 도입, 참
여자·기업·농가 정보를 통합 관리하는 데이터 기반 성과관리 체계 등이 필요하다. 또한 충북의 인구·노동시장 구조를 고려할 때, 생애주기별 맞춤형 사업 설계의 강화가 요구된다. 고령층의 경험과 역량을 활용할 수 있는 새로운 일자리 모델 개발, 경력단절 여성의 재취업을 위한 진
단–교육–실습–근로의 패키지형 지원체계 마련 등 세대별·계층별 접근이 중요하다. 나아가 충북형 단기근로자 사업의 성과가 장기적으로 지속되기 위해서는 중앙정부 사업과의 연계, 재정 기반 다층화, 인접 시·도와의 광역 단위 협력체계 구축 등이 필수적이다. 이러한 전략적 연
계·협력을 통해 지역경제 활력을 제고하고 인구감소 대응 기반을 강화할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

제I장 서론 ······························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ················································································································1

2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ··············································································································2

제Ⅱ장 정책동향 및 이슈 ······································································································· 3

1. 글로벌 노동시장 동향 및 이슈 ·····························································································3

2. 국내 노동시장 정책 동향 ······································································································6

3. 타 지자체 정책 동향 ···········································································································17

4. 정책적 시사점 ····················································································································29

제Ⅲ장 단기근로의 가치 ······································································································ 31

1. 경제학적 관점 ······················································································································31

2. 복지적 관점 ·························································································································35

제Ⅳ장 충북지역 현황 분석 ································································································· 39

1. 일자리 여건 ·························································································································39

2. 고령층 노동시장 현황 ·········································································································42

3. 충북의 농촌인구 현황 ·········································································································56

제V장 충북형 단기근로자 사업 성과 분석 ········································································· 63

1. 충북형 단기근로자 사업 ····································································································63

2. 충북형 단기근로자 사업 현황 분석 ··················································································65

3. 충북형 단기근로자 사업 만족도 분석 ··············································································67

4. 정량적 효과 분석 ··············································································································72

5. 정성적 효과 분석 ··············································································································85

제Ⅵ장 결론 및 정책 제언 ································································································ 105

1. 연구 결과의 요약 ············································································································105

2. 정책 제언 ························································································································107

참고문헌 ····························································································································· 109

충청광역연합의 출범은 충청권을 단일 생활·경제권으로 통합하는 국가적 실험이자, 초광역 단
위의 협력을 제도적으로 실현하는 새로운 정책 체계의 출발점이다. 그러나 충청권의 교통체계는
여전히 시·도 경계를 중심으로 분절되어 있으며, 생활권 확산 속도에 비해 대중교통 서비스·요금체
계·환승체계는 제도적 통합이 미흡한 상황이다. 대전–세종–청주–천안아산 등 주요 생활축에서 광역
통행이 빠르게 증가하고 있음에도 권역 전체를 포괄하는 통합 이동체계가 부재하여 승용차 의존도
는 지속적으로 심화되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 구조적 한계를 개선하고, 충청광역연합 출범 이후 시민이 체감할 수 있는 대표적 초광역 정책을 마련하기 위해 충청권 초광역 교통패스(C-PASS)의 도입 방안을 모색하고자
수행되었다. 초광역 교통패스는 충청권 전역을 하나의 이동권역으로 재구성하고 광역 간 이동에
대해 예측 가능한 요금·일관된 서비스·통합된 정산체계를 제공하는 상위 통합형 교통플랫폼으로서, 기존의 시·도별 패스 및 국가 패스와는 차별된 정책적 위상를 갖는다. 본 연구는 △국내외 교통패스 및 통합정산 제도 분석, △충청권 통행행태 진단, △정산·운영 시스템 구조 검토를 기반으로, △초광역패스의 도입 필요성(WHY), △개념 정의(WHAT), △운영구조(HOW), △단계별 도입전략(WHEN)을 체계적으로 정리하였다. 특히 기존 교통카드 기반 정산체계를 활용하는 최소변경형 구현전략, 광역교통 거버넌스를 광역교통청(가칭) 중심으로 고도화하는 추
진체계, 철도·시외·고속 등을 포함한 장기 확장 전략을 제시함으로써 초광역 교통패스가 충청권 통
합교통체계의 핵심 플랫폼으로 발전할 수 있음을 보여주었다. 초광역 교통패스는 단순한 교통비 지원정책이 아니라 충청권의 공간구조·생활구조·경제권을 통합하는 전략적 도구이며, 충청광역연합의 실질적 성과를 창출하는 핵심 정책으로 자리매김할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 제안한 정책방향과 운영구조는 향후 충청권 교통체계의 혁신과 초광역 협력정책의 제도화에 중요한 기반을 제공할 것이다.

제I장 서론 ························································································································· 1

1. 배경 및 목적 ····················································································································1

2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ·········································································································3

제II장 충청광역연합 현황 진단 ······················································································ 5

1. 충청광역연합 개관 ···········································································································5

2. 충청광역연합 광역교통 현황 ·························································································12

3. 현안 및 문제점 진단 ···································································································31

제III장 국내외 교통패스 운영현황 ············································································ 33

1. 국내 교통패스 정책 현황 ······························································································33

2. 해외 교통패스 사례 ·······································································································43

3. 시사점 도출 ·················································································································49

제IV장 충청권 초광역패스 도입 구상 ······································································ 53

1. 도입 기본방향 및 전략적 필요성 ··················································································53

2. 초광역패스 개념 정립 ···································································································59

3. 운영구조 구상 ··············································································································62

4. 단계별 도입 로드맵 ·····································································································65

제V장 결론 및 정책제언 ·························································································· 71

1. 결론 ································································································································71

2. 향후 발전방향 ················································································································73

❍ 이 연구는 중부내륙연계발전지역의 상수원-산림-농지의 다중 규제 현황을 고찰하고, 지역
발전의 걸림돌이 되는 규제를 해소하기 위한 중부내륙특별법 기반의 입법적 개선 방안을
모색하였음
❍ 중부내륙지역은 국토의 생태적 핵심축으로서, 상수원보호구역, 백두대간보호지역, 국립공
원, 농업진흥지역 등 7~8개 법률에 의한 다중 규제가 중첩되어 왔고, 이는 주민의 재산
권과 지역 경제 활성화에 심각한 제약 요인으로 작용
❍ 수질 관리 기술 발전과 주민 의식 향상에도 불구하고 80~90년대 수준의 획일적 금지 중
심 규제가 여전히 작동하고 있으며, 오염총량제와 연동한 성과 기반 관리, 친환경적 이용
을 허용하는 '성과연동형 규제 합리화'로 패러다임을 전환해야 할 시기가 도래
❍ 이러한 흐름에 발맞춰 ｢중부내륙연계발전지역 지원에 관한 특별법｣ 제정은 상수원·산림· 백두대간을 지키느라 묶여 있던 내륙지역을 국가균형발전의 거점으로 재위치시키고, 그
공익적 역할에 대해 종합계획·재정·초광역 거버넌스로 보상·지원하는 첫 권역형 특별법이
라는 의미가 있음
❍ 핵심 규제 문제 해결과 중부내륙연계발전지역의 친환경적 발전을 유도하는 구심점으로서
중부내륙특별법이 기능하기 위해 1) 대청호 유역 통합관리시스템 구축 특례, 2) 공원자연
환경지구 및 공원마을지구 내 숙박시설 허용 특례, 3) 농업진흥구역 내 스마트농업혁신지
구 지정 특례와 개별 규제 법률의 탄력적 적용을 위해 4) 대청호 수질보전특별대책지역
내 경과 및 기존시설의 그린 리모델링, 2) 상수원보호구역 내 무공해 동력 교통수단의 운
항 허용을 위한 법령(안) 정비를 실효성 높은 대안으로 도출
❍ ‘개발 VS 보전’의 프레임이 아닌, ‘보전과 생산이라는 본래 목적이 제대로 달성되고 있는
가?’의 관점에서 정책 설계 및 법제 개선안의 지속적인 논의가 필요중부내륙 특별법 연계 토지이용규제 개선방안
❍ 보고서에서 제시된 개선 방안들의 법적 안정성과 집행력을 확보하기 위해 다음과 같은 보
완을 추진해야 함
❍ (통합심의 세부 기준의 법정화) 대청호 유역 통합관리계획 및 통합심의의 기준을 대통령
령을 넘어 법률 또는 시행령에 명시하여, 상수원 수질보호라는 최상위 목표를 훼손하지
않는 범위에서 규제 완화의 한계 선을 명확히 설정해야 함
❍ (GIS 통합관리시스템의 법적 위상 강화) 제안된 GIS 통합관리시스템은 단순히 정보의 공
개 및 관리를 넘어, 통합심의 및 인허가 결정의 근거로 활용될 수 있도록 시스템에 등록
된 자료의 법적 증거력을 인정하는 규정을 신설하여 정책 집행의 투명성을 제고
❍ (규제 우선순위 체계 확립) 국립공원·백두대간·상수원 등 부처별 중첩 규제가 무조건적으
로 가장 엄격한 규제를 적용하는 현행 관행을 개선하여, 보전 목적과 관리 강도에 따른
‘목적 기반의 규제 우선순위 체계(Hierarchy of Regulation)’를 확립하는 연구 필요
❍ (보호지역 국비 보조 근거 명확화 및 확대) 광역적·국가적 공익 기능을 수행하는 도·군립
공원 사업 및 농업진흥구역 내 생태복원·스마트농업 인프라 구축에 대한 국비 지원 근거
를 중부내륙특별법에 명시하고, 국가균형발전특별회계뿐만 아니라 수계관리기금 등 환경
관련 법정 기금을 연계하여 안정적인 재원을 확보하는 방안을 강구
❍ (성과연동형 관리 시스템 구축) 상수원 특별대책지역 및 산림보호구역에서 제안된 오염부
하위험등급 기반의 성과관리 체계는 전 유역으로 확대되어야 하며, AI·센서 기반 디지털
모니터링을 의무화하여 객관적인 실측 데이터를 기반으로 규제 완화·강화·보상 수준을 결
정하는 선순환적 정책 피드백 구조를 중장기적으로 완성해야 함

I. 개요 ······························································································································· 1

 1. 배경 및 목적 ················································································································1

 2. 연구의 범위 ················································································································3

II. 토지이용규제 법규 고찰 ······························································································ 7

 1. 토지이용규제 개요 ·····································································································7

 2. 상수원관리지역 ···········································································································8

 3. 산림지역 ···················································································································16

 4. 농지 및 기타지역 ····································································································25

 5. 종합 ··························································································································29

III. 토지이용규제 지역 현황 ··························································································· 31

 1. 상수원관리지역 ··········································································································31

 2. 산림 지역 ···················································································································36

 3. 농지 및 기타 지역 ·································································································· 38

 4. 다중 규제에 따른 지역 문제 사례 ·········································································· 40

Ⅳ. 개선 방안 ·················································································································· 49

 1. 중부내륙연계발전지역법 개정(안) 제안 ································································· 49

 2. 관련 법률 개정(안) 제안 ······················································································· 59

Ⅴ. 결론 ·························································································································· 65

 1. 요약 ····························································································································65

 2. 정책적 시사 및 향후 방향 ······················································································66

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 69

ABSTRACT ···················································································································· 70

최근 재정분권화 기조에 따라 중앙정부의 관광자원개발사업 권한과 재정이 지방자치단체로 이양
되면서 지방정부의 자율성은 확대된 반면, 사업 추진에 대한 책임성과 전문성 확보가 시급한 과제
로 대두되고 있다. 충청북도 역시 매년 상당한 예산을 관광자원개발사업에 투입하고 있으나 객관
적인 평가 기준의 부재로 인해 사업 간 중복 투자, 콘텐츠 차별화 부족, 선심성 사업 추진 등의
문제점이 지속적으로 제기되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 충북의 지역적 특성과 개발 여건에 부합하는 체계적이고 객관적인 관광자원개발
사업 평가지표를 개발하여 예산 투입의 효율성을 높이고, 지속가능한 관광개발을 유도하는 것을
목적으로 하였다. 이를 위해 문헌연구를 통해 예비 지표를 도출하고 관광 분야 전문가 8인을 대상
으로 한 의견조사를 통해 지표의 적합도와 중요도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 ‘지역관광 공급역량’, ‘소
비역량’, ‘정책역량’의 3개 영역과 각 영역별 하위 속성으로 구성된 평가지표를 최종 도출하였다. 개발된 평가지표의 정책 적용 가능성을 검증하기 위해 충북 음성군 내 3개 관광자원개발 대상사
업을 선정하여 전문가 평가를 실시하였으며, 평가 점수를 기반으로 사업의 추진 우선순위를 도출
한 결과, 본 지표가 사업계획의 타당성 진단 및 비교 평가에 유효하게 작동함을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 이러한 분석 결과를 토대로 충북 관광자원개발사업의 체계적 관리 기반 구축을 위한
정책 방안으로 평가지표 활용 매뉴얼 개발, 평가 전문기관 지정 및 심사위원회 운영, 시계열 데이
터베이스 구축 등을 제안하였다. 개발된 평가지표는 향후 충청북도가 시·군 단위 관광자원개발사업
을 선정하고 예산을 배분하는 과정에서 합리적이고 객관적인 의사결정의 기준으로 기능할 수 있으
며, 무분별한 사업 추진을 방지하고 타당성과 차별성을 갖춘 관광개발을 유도하는 데 기여할 것으
로 기대된다.

제I장 서론 ························································································································· 1

1. 연구배경 및 필요성 ·········································································································1

2. 연구목적 ·························································································································3

3. 연구내용과 방법 ·············································································································4

제II장 관광자원개발 ·········································································································· 7

1. 관광자원의 이해 ···············································································································7

2. 관광자원개발 ··················································································································9

3. 충북 관광자원개발사업 추진현황 ················································································12

제III장 관광자원개발사업 평가지표 개발 ······································································· 17

1. 선행연구를 통한 지표항목 도출 ····················································································17

2. 관광자원개발사업 평가지표의 조사․분석 ·······································································28

3. 관광자원개발사업 평가지표(안) ·····················································································33

제IV장 실증조사를 통한 평가지표 활용 ········································································ 35

1. 실증조사 개요 ················································································································35

2. 충북 관광자원개발사업 평가 ·························································································37

3. 실증조사 시사점 ············································································································52

제V장 결론 및 정책제언 ································································································ 55

1. 결론 ································································································································55

2. 정책제언 ·······················································································································56

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 59

부록 ································································································································· 63

본 연구는 초고령사회 도래에 대비해 고령자의 자립적 삶, 관계성 유지, 지역사회 참여를 중심 가치
로 삼는 Aging in Community(AIC) 기반의 주거정책 방향을 모색한다. 기존 노인복지주택과 실버타운
이 가진 높은 비용·서비스 한계, 건강한 고령자를 위한 중간 주거유형의 부재 등을 문제로 지적하며, 고령
자가 익숙한 생활권에서 장기간 머물며 사회적 연결을 유지하도록 설계된 통합형 주거모델의 필요성을
강조한다. 이론적 배경에서는 AIC 개념을 중심으로 정주성·자기결정권·공동체 기반 참여·통합 서비스 접근성
등 네 가지 핵심 원칙을 제시한다. 단순히 물리적 공간이 아닌 지역사회 네트워크를 포함하는 확장된 주
거 개념을 강조하며, 스마트 기술 기반의 자립 생활 보조, 지역사회 활동 지원, 비공식 관계망 강화 등이
필수 요소로 언급된다. 국내외 사례 분석에서는 싱가포르 캄풍 애드미럴티, 일본 도요시키다이 프로젝트, 미국 미라벨라
ASU, 서울 해심당 등 다양한 복합형 시니어 주거 모델이 검토되었다. 이들 사례는 의료·돌봄·상업·커뮤
니티 시설을 한 공간에 통합한 수직형 복합 커뮤니티, 세대 간 교류를 촉진하는 공간 구성, 지역 주민에게
개방된 복합 서비스, 노인 일자리 연계 등을 통해 AIC 실현 가능성을 보여준다. 설문조사 결과 주민들은 건강·환경 프로그램(33%), 안전·방범(23.5%) 수요를 가장 높게 보였으며, 세대교류 프로그램은 개인적 성장·사회성 향상에 도움이 된다는 긍정 응답이 70% 이상으로 나타났다. 60대 이상에서는 건강·환경 활동 선호가 두드러지고, 청·장년층은 교육·돌봄·안전 분야 수요가 높아 세대
별 차이가 확인되었다. 정책 제안에서는 △고령자의 건강 상태와 기존 생활권을 고려한 새로운 주거유형 분류체계 마련 △민
간참여 확대 및 세제·금융 지원을 통한 공급 촉진 △인허가 절차 간소화 △서비스·임대료의 안정적 운영
을 위한 재정지원 △주거·돌봄·건강의 통합 서비스 체계 구축 등을 제시한다. 특히 지역사회 기반 커뮤니
티 활성화, 돌봄 공백 해소, 스마트 홈 기술 도입, 자립생활 지원 등이 핵심 요소로 언급된다. 본 연구는 단순한 노인주택 공급을 넘어, 고령자가 지역사회 안에서 존엄하고 독립적으로 살아가며, 세대와 지역이 함께 연결되는 지속가능한 주거생태계 구축이 필요함을 강조하며, 국가·지자체·민간이 협
력하는 새로운 주거정책 패러다임을 제안한다.

제Ⅰ장 연구의 배경 및 필요성 ······························································································ 1

1. 연구의 배경 ·························································································································· 1

 1.1. 고령화 가속화에 따른 주거 패러다임 전환 ···························································· 1

 1.2. 청년층과 고령자층을 동시에 고려 ··········································································· 2

2. 연구의 방법 및 범위 ··········································································································· 4

 2.1. 연구 방법 ···················································································································· 4

 2.2. 연구 범위 ···················································································································· 4

제Ⅱ장 이론적 배경 ················································································································ 5

1. 세대공존 주거 ······················································································································ 5

2. Aging in Community(AIC) ····························································································· 7

 2.1. Aging In Community(AIC)의 개념 ···································································· 7

 2.2. Aging In Community(AIC)의 핵심 원칙 ···························································· 9

3. 마을단위의 주거와 공동체주택 ························································································ 11

제Ⅲ장 관련 정책 현황 ········································································································ 15

1. 중앙정부 정책 ···················································································································· 15

 1.1. 주거제공 정책 ·········································································································· 15

 1.2. 주택개조지원 : 수선유지급여사업 ········································································· 19

2. 지자체 정책 사례 ·············································································································· 21

 2.1. 서울시 어르신 안심주택 ······················································································· 21

 2.2. 부산형 해비타트 챌린지 사업 ················································································ 23

제Ⅳ장 국내·외 사례 분석 ··································································································· 25

1. 해외 사례 분석 ················································································································ 25

 1.1. 덴마크 : 제너레이션 하우스(Generationernes Hus, GH) ······························ 25

 1.2. 싱가폴 : 캄풍 애드미럴티(Kampung Admiralty) ············································· 29

 1.3. 일본 : 도요시키다이(豊四季台) 단지 ····································································· 33

 1.4. 미국 : Mirabella at ASU ····················································································· 36

2. 국내 사례 분석 ················································································································ 39

 2.1. 해심당(海⼼堂) ·········································································································· 39

 2.2. 스프링카운티자이 ····································································································· 42

제V장 설문조사 결과 ··········································································································· 45

1. 설문개요 ····························································································································· 45

2. 설문조사 결과 ···················································································································· 46

 2.1. 응답자 일반적 특성 ································································································· 46

 2.2. 현재 거주 현황 ········································································································ 47

 2.3. 세대교류에 대한 인식 ····························································································· 53

 2.4. 세대공존 주거에 대한 인식 ···················································································· 57

 2.5. 세대교류 프로그램에 대한 인식 ············································································ 65

 2.6. 세대교류를 위한 공간 및 프로그램에 대한 의견 ················································ 75

제Ⅵ장 충북지역 여건 분석 ································································································· 85

1. 충청북도 인구 현황 ·········································································································· 85

 1.1. 시군별 인구 현황 ··································································································· 85

 1.2. 청·장년 인구특성 비교 ·························································································· 98

2. 고령자의 주거 및 생활 여건 ······················································································· 105

 2.1. 노인주거시설 현황 ································································································· 105

 2.2. 충북 노인생활실태 ································································································· 106

제Ⅶ장 고령자 대응형 주택정책 제안 ············································································· 111

1. 과제 도출 ························································································································· 111

2. 단계별 정책 과제 ············································································································ 115

 2.1. 준비단계 ················································································································ 115

 2.2. 기획단계 ················································································································ 116

 2.3. 고령자 대응형 주택 공급 방안 ·········································································· 119

3. 고령자 대응형 주택의 실행력 강화방안 ······································································ 121

참고문헌 ····························································································································· 124

ABSTRACT ······················································································································· 128

◯ 본 연구는 충청북도 내 외국인 주민의 급속한 증가와 이에 따른 사회･경제적 변화 양
상을 분석하고, 지역 여건에 적합한 대응전략을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 함
◯ 충북은 제조업 중심 산업구조와 수도권 인접성으로 인해 외국인 근로자, 결혼이민자, 유학생 등의 유입이 꾸준히 확대되고 있으며, 이는 지역 인구구조와 사회통합 체계 전
반에 중대한 변화를 가져오고 있음
◯ 국가통계포털(KOSIS), 법무부 출입국･외국인정책본부, 충북도청 통계 등 공공데이터를
기반으로 외국인 인구의 시계열 변화, 시･군별 분포, 산업별 고용구조, 복지 및 교육
수요를 종합적으로 분석함
◯ 분석 결과, 외국인 주민은 2010년대 이후 지속적으로 증가하여 2023년 기준 약 6만 5
천 명(전체 인구의 3.5%)에 달함
◯ 주요 거주지는 청주, 진천, 음성, 충주 등으로, 이들 지역은 산업단지 밀집지역으로서
외국인 근로자 비율이 높고, 일부 지역은 전체 인구의 10% 이상이 외국인으로 구성
◯ 외국인 구성은 근로자층이 다수를 차지하나, 결혼이민자, 유학생, 단기 체류자 등으로
다양화
◯ 외국인 근로자의 고용형태는 제조업･서비스업 중심의 단기 및 비정규직 형태가 많으며, 노동조건의 불안정성과 체류 불확실성이 공존
◯ 결혼이민자와 다문화가정의 증가로 인해, 지역 내 초･중등 교육기관과 사회복지서비스
에서 다문화 수요가 빠르게 확산되는 단계
◯ 농촌 지역은 계절노동자 중심의 단기 체류가 많고, 도시 산업지대는 장기 거주 외국인충북 지역 외국인 현황 분석 및 전략적 시사점
이 늘어나는 등 지역 간 정착패턴의 이중구조가 형성
◯ 그러나 충북의 다문화 정책은 시･군 간 편차가 크며, 행정 부서 간 협력체계 부족으로
인해 정책적 연계성이 낮은 것으로 분석
◯ 일부 지자체는 외국인복지센터, 통역지원센터 등 제도적 기반을 마련했으나, 프로그램
운영의 지속성･전문성 확보 미흡
◯ 외국인 주민은 지역 경제의 필수 인력으로 기여하지만, 사회적 포용과 제도적 지원 수
준은 여전히 초기 단계에 머물러 있음
◯ 특히 언어･문화 장벽, 사회적 고립, 교육 및 의료 접근성 제한, 행정정보 부재 등이 구
조적 취약 요인으로 작용
◯ 본 연구는 이러한 현실을 바탕으로 충북이 나아가야 할 정책 방향을 다섯 가지 전략으
로 제시
- 다층적(multilevel) 거버넌스 체계 구축
∙ 도(道)–시군–지역 공동체 간 협력 네트워크를 강화하여 정책 연계성 확보
∙ 민관 협의회, 지역 다문화포럼, 이주민 대표 참여 구조 등을 통해 의사결정의 포용성 제고
∙ 지방정부 간 분절된 행정체계를 통합 관리할 수 있는 조정기구 필요
- 고용안정 및 직업역량 강화
∙ 산업 수요와 연계된 한국어･직업교육･기술훈련 체계 확립
∙ 외국인 근로자의 노동권 보호 및 숙련인력 정착을 위한 제도 개선 필요
∙ 기업-지자체-교육기관 간 협력형 직업훈련 모델 구축
- 다문화 교육 및 지역사회 통합 촉진
∙ 학교와 지역사회 중심의 다문화 인식 개선 및 상호교류 프로그램 확대
∙ 지역주민과 외국인 간 공동 참여형 문화행사, 자원봉사, 공동체 활동 활성화
∙ 다문화가정 자녀의 교육격차 해소를 위한 맞춤형 지원체계 필요
- 데이터 기반 정책관리체계 구축
∙ 외국인 인구, 고용, 복지, 교육 등 관련 데이터를 통합 관리하는 실시간 모니터링 시스템 도입
∙ 정책성과 평가와 예산 배분을 연계하여 효율성 제고
∙ 통계 및 행정데이터를 연계한 증거기반(evidence-based) 정책결정 지원
- 중장기 선제적･통합적 정책 전환
∙ 외국인 관련 문제 발생 이후의 사후적 대응이 아닌, 장기 인구변화를 예측한 사전적 접
근 필요
∙ 인구감소 및 노동시장 변동을 고려한 다문화 정책의 지역발전 전략화
∙ 충북의 지속가능한 사회통합 모델을 구축하기 위한 중장기 로드맵 마련
◯ 이러한 전략들은 단순한 복지지원 수준을 넘어, 충북이 인구구조 변화에 대응하는 지역
회복력(regional resilience) 기반의 발전전략으로 기능
◯ 다문화 거버넌스와 사회통합정책을 통합적으로 추진할 경우, 외국인 주민의 경제적 기
여를 극대화하면서도 사회적 갈등을 완화
◯ 또한, 충북의 사례는 지방정부가 다문화 시대의 인구변화에 어떻게 대응할 수 있는지를
보여주는 모범적 모델로 발전할 가능성 제고
◯ 본 연구는 궁극적으로 충청북도의 외국인 정책을 “포용적･데이터 기반･지속 가능한 지
역정책”으로 재정립함으로써, 인구 다양성을 지역혁신의 동력으로 전환하는 실천적 기반을 제시

I. 서론 ···································································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경과 목적 ··················································································································1

2. 연구 내용 및 방법 ················································································································3

3. 선행연구 고찰 ························································································································7

II. 외국인 동향 관련 검토 ··································································································· 17

1. 글로벌 동향 ·························································································································17

2. 국내 동향 ·····························································································································36

Ⅲ. 충북도 외국인 동향 분석 ······························································································ 57

1. 정책 동향 ·····························································································································57

2. 도내 외국인 현황 분석: 외국인 근로자 ·············································································64

3. 도내 외국인 현황 분석: 이주 여성 ····················································································71

4. 도내 외국인 현황 분석: 외국인 유학생 ·············································································78

Ⅳ. 실태조사 ························································································································· 97

1. 조사 개요 ·····························································································································97

2. 조사 결과 ··························································································································101

3. 근로 조건 및 지원 환경 ···································································································109

4. 시사점 ································································································································118

Ⅴ. 충북의 외국인 정책 활성화를 위한 대안 모색 ·························································· 121

1. 인력확보 및 매칭 ··············································································································121

2. 사회통합 인권 증진 ··········································································································124

3. 정주 인프라 구축 ··············································································································124

4. 거버넌스 ····························································································································129

Ⅵ. 요약 및 향후 연구 발전 방향 ···················································································· 131

1. 요약 ···································································································································131

2. 향후 연구 발전 방향 ········································································································135

참고문헌 ··································································································································137

Appendix ·······························································································································145

Abstract ·································································································································149

자율방범대는 주민들이 지역의 치안을 위해 자율적으로 조직하여 다양한 범죄예방 활동을 하는
자원봉사 조직이다. 2023년 4월 27일에 「자율방범대 설치 및 운영에 관한 법률」이 시행으로 중요
성이 부각되었다. 따라서 자율방범대는 법정단체로서 위상을 정립하였으며, 대원들은 경찰과 함께
지역안전을 책임지는 역할을 수행하게 되었다. 그러나 자율방법대법이 시행되었음에도 불구하고, 여전히 자율방범대의 처우 및 근무환경에 대한 지원체계가 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 충
청북도 자율방범대 활동에 대한 실태를 분석하여 현실적인 문제점을 도출하고, 체계적인 지원방안
을 다음과 같이 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 자율방범대원이 지역사회 내 존경 및 보람을 느끼게 해야 한다. 자율방범대 활동을 통해
지역 범죄 예방에 기여하고, 가족과 이웃으로부터 존경을 받는 등 심리적·사회적 보람을 얻을 수
있도록 여건을 조성할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 자율방범대의 교육 및 홍보 예산 지원을 확대해야 한다, 자율방범대의 원활한 활동을 위
해 직무교육 및 홍보 예산이 충분히 확보되어야 하며, 이를 통해 대원들의 역량 강화와 지역 주민
참여 확대를 도모할 수 있다. 셋째, 현행 자율방범대원을 운영하는 데 있어 모집방법과 선발방식의 개선이 요구된다. 향후
충청북도 자치경찰위원회뿐만 아니라 자치단체 홈페이지 등에서 지역자율방법대 활동내역과 모집
절차를 적극적으로 홍보할 필요가 있다. 넷째, 자치경찰위원회는 지역주민들의 자발적으로 자율방범대에 참여할 수 있도록 다양한 인센
티브 제도를 마련해야 한다. 자율방범대 활동시 우수한 대원들에게 표창장 수여 및 명예와 자긍심
을 고취할 수 있는 방안을 강구할 필요가 있다. 그러므로 자율방범대는 주민의 자율적인 참여를 바탕으로 지역 내 범죄예방을 실현하기 위해
관련기관 간 협력체계를 공고히 하고 지속적이고 적극적인 활동을 위한 제도적 기반을 마련해야
한다.

제I장 서론 ························································································································· 1

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ···········································································································1

2. 연구 내용 및 방법 ·········································································································3

 1) 연구 범위 ···················································································································3

 2) 연구 방법 ···················································································································3

제II장 자율방범대의 이론적 논의 ····················································································· 5

1. 자율방범대의 개념 ···········································································································5

2. 자율방범대 활동의 개관 ································································································6

 1) 자율방범대의 연혁 ·····································································································6

 2) 자율방범대의 현황 ···································································································11

 3) 충북 자율방범대 현황 ·····························································································12

3. 자율방범대, 의용소방대 및 모범운전자회 비교 ···························································15

제III장 자율방범대의 운영실태 분석 ·············································································· 19

1. 조사개요 ·························································································································19

2. 조사분석 결과 ················································································································21

 1) 자율방범대 활동에 대한 인식 ·················································································21

 2) 자율방범대의 조직적 차원에 대한 인식 ·································································25

 3) 자율방범대의 행·재정적 차원에 대한 인식 ····························································31

 4) 자율방범대의 법·제도적 차원에 대한 인식 ····························································33

 5) 자율방범대 활성화를 위한 지원체계 방안 마련에 대한 의견 ·······························38

3. 종합 및 시사점 ··············································································································42

제IV장 자율방범대 활성화를 위한 체계적 지원 방안 ··················································· 47

1. 제도적 지원 방안 ··········································································································47

 1) 법적 지위와 제도 기반 정비 ··················································································47

 2) 운영 표준화 가이드라인 마련 ·················································································48

2. 인적·재정적 지원방안 ····································································································49

 1) 안정적인 지원체계 구축 ··························································································49

 2) 장비 및 물적 자원 지원 ·························································································50

 3) 인센티브 및 복지 제공 ···························································································51

3. 교육 및 역량 강화 방안 ·······························································································51

 1) 정기 교육 프로그램 개발 및 시행 ·········································································51

 2) 리더십 및 전문성 강화 ···························································································52

4. 주민참여 및 인식 제고 방안 ·························································································53

 1) 주민참여 확대 전략 ·································································································53

 2) 자율방범대 활동에 대한 사회적 인식 개선 ····························································54

5. 경찰·지자체와의 협력 체계 구축 방안 ·········································································55

 1) 협업 프로토콜 및 정보 공유 시스템 정립 ·····························································55

 2) 공동 순찰 및 합동 캠페인 확대 ·············································································55

제V장 결론 및 정책제언 ································································································ 57

1. 결론 및 정책제언 ··········································································································57

2. 정책제언 ·························································································································60

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 61

2024년 말 무안공항의 대형 참사로 인해 지방공항의 안전성에 대한 국민적 관심이 증대되었
다. 충북에 위치한 청주국제공항은 무안공항 보다 활주로 길이가 짧아 청주국제공항의 안전성에
대한 우려 여론이 있는 상황에서, 본 연구는 청주공항의 지속성장을 위해 공항의 안전성을 강화하
기 위한 충북도의 정책추진 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 우선 항공사고의 개념과 분류, 사고의 원인별, 비행 단계별 사고에 대해 검토하였다. 전 세계 항공사고는 항공기의 성능 개선, 안전관리시스템, 조사 및 교육훈련 등으로 과거에 비해
현격히 감소 추세에 있다. 항공사고의 주요 요인은 인적요인이 60~85%로 가장 큰 비중을 차지하
며, 기계적 요인이 15~30%, 기타 환경적 요인, 기타 요인은 극히 적은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 비
행 단계별로는 모든 치명적 사고의 절반 이상이 최종접근과 착륙 단계에서 발생하고 있다. 또한
지난 20년간 치명적 사고의 가장 큰 원인은 비행 중 조종 상실(LOC-I), 지형충돌(CGIT), 횡방향
및 종방향 활주로 이탈(RE) 등이다. 국내 항공사고는 1991년 이후 133건이 발생하여 사망 579명, 부상 565명이 발생하였다. 사고 원인별로는 조종사 과실 54%, 기타 24.1%, 기체이상 12.6%, 기상악화 9.2% 순이었다. 2002~2024년 동안 공항별로는 김포공항이 11건(사고 5건, 준사고 6건), 청주공항은 준사고 1건
발생, 무안공항이 5건으로 지방공항 중 상대적으로 많았다. 조류충돌은 운항1만편당 발생건수가
무안공항이 9.1건으로 가장 발생률이 높았으며, 청주공항은 3건으로 비교적 발생빈도는 낮다. 청주공항의 시설현황을 검토한 결과, 활주로 연장이 짧아 활주로 이탈사고의 가능성이 상대적
으로 높은 것으로 판단된다. 또한 활주로 운영 등급이 CAT-Ⅰ등급으로 악천후, 저시정 상황에서
위험성이 상대적으로 크다. 청주공항은 이미 공항의 수용능력을 초과하여 지상사고 위험성이 증가
하고 있다. 공항시설을 공사와 군이 공동 관리함에 따라 유사시 통합된 지휘관리 체계가 필요하며, 청주공항도 주변환경(농경지, 하천 등)과 지리적 요인으로 조류충돌 위험성 상존하고 있다. 청주공항의 안전성 강화를 위한 정책 방향으로 충청북도에서 추진하고 있는 연장 3,200m의
민간항공기 전용 활주로 건설은 공항의 안전성 확보에도 필요하며, 공항이 이미 포화되고 있어 신설 활주로를 국제선 전용으로 분리 운영방안을 제시하였다. 활주로 운영 등급을 CAT-Ⅰ에서
CAT-Ⅱ등급으로 상향 조정하고, 이에 필요한 각종 안전시설 추가 설치, 첨단 보안검색장비 확충
방안을 제시하였다. 공항 주변환경 정비방안으로 조류충돌을 예방하기 위해 조류탐지 첨단장비 확
충, AI 드론 활용, 조류 서식지 관리 체계 등을 제시하고, 공항주변 장애물 관리 개선방안을 제시
하였다.

제Ⅰ장 연구개요 ················································································································ 1

1. 연구배경 및 목적 ·············································································································1

2. 연구의 내용 및 방법 ·······································································································3

3. 연구의 기대효과 및 활용방안 ·························································································5

제Ⅱ장 항공사고에 대한 이론적 고찰 ·············································································· 7

1. 항공사고의 개념과 분류 ··································································································7

2. 글로벌 항공사고 동향 ···································································································12

3. 항공사고의 주요 원인 ···································································································20

4. 국내외 항공안전 관리시스템 현황 ················································································32

제Ⅲ장 국내 항공사고 발생현황 ····················································································· 41

1. 항공사고 발생현황 ·········································································································41

2. 항공안전 위해요인 발생현황 ·························································································47

제Ⅳ장 청주공항 운영현황 및 문제점 ············································································ 53

1. 일반현황 ·························································································································53

2. 공항시설 세부현황 ·········································································································62

3. 문제점 분석 ···················································································································79

제Ⅴ장 청주공항 안전성 강화를 위한 정책 방향 ·························································· 91

1. 민간항공기 전용 활주로 신설 및 운영 ·········································································91

2. 기타 공항시설 확충방안 ································································································96

3. 주변 환경 정비방안 ·····································································································100

제Ⅵ장 결론 및 정책제안 ····························································································· 105

1. 결론 ······························································································································105

2. 정책제안 ·······················································································································108

참고문헌 ························································································································ 110

본 연구는 지방정부의 탄소중립 정책 실현을 위해 '기후인지 사전심사청구제'의 도입 필요성과 구체적 실행방안을 다룬 기초연구로, 현행 「민원 처리에 관한 법률」 제30조의 사전심사청구 절차에 온실가스 배출 및 감축 검토 항목을 결합하는 정책적 모델을 제안한다. 기후변화와 온실가스 배출의 대응은 더 이상 중앙정부의 대규모 개발사업이나 재정사업에만 적용되는 문제가 아니라, 전국 지방정부의 일상적인 소규모 인허가 민원에서도 긴급하게 반영될 필요가 있다는 데서 본 연구가 출발하였다. 특히, 최근 3년간 충청북도 제천시의 민원 접수 현황을 분석한 결과, 주요 사전심사청구 유형 가운데 ‘건축허가 및 신고’(약 67%)가 가장 큰 비중을 차지했으며, ‘관광농원 및 관광휴양시설’, ‘공장등록 및 창업 승인’ 등이 뒤를 이었다. 이들 행위는 주로 임야 전환과 같은 토지 개발을 동반하며, 누적된 온실가스 배출이 지역 탄소중립 목표 달성에 지대한 영향을 미친다.
본 연구는 문헌 고찰과 국내외 사례조사, 수치 분석, 전문가 자문을 통해 '기후인지 사전심사청구제'가 현장에서 어떻게 제도화될 수 있는지 검토하였다. 법적 근거로는 「탄소중립기본법」, 「환경영향평가법」, 「지방자치법」 등 관련 법령과의 정합성을 분석하였으며, 사전심사 제도의 유연한 적용과 현행 민원처리 시스템 연계 가능성을 확인했다. 또한 기후영향 평가 및 온실가스 감축 설계는 민원 접수 초기 단계에서부터 활동자료와 배출계수를 활용한 정량적 산정이 가능하다는 점, 이에 기반해 민원인에게 저감 시나리오와 친환경 대안을 안내함으로써 지역 사회의 자발적 수용성과 참여도를 높일 수 있다는 점이 실증적으로 제시됐다.
각 민원별로 온실가스 배출 영향은 Scope 1(직접배출), Scope 2(간접배출-전기 등 에너지), Scope 3(공급망 전체: 자재 생산, 운송, 토지이용 변화 등)로 세분화하여 분석됐다. 시뮬레이션 결과, 민원성 소규모 개발사업의 온실가스 배출 중 약 85% 이상이 Scope 3에서 발생하며, 저탄소 자재·재생에너지 활용·녹지 복원 등 감축방안을 적용할 경우 20~30%의 총 배출 감소 효과가 기대된다. 이러한 접근은 기존 환경영향평가가 포괄하지 못하고 있던 행정 사각지대를 효과적으로 메울 수 있다.
제도 운영 방안으로는 신청 단계에서 '기후인지 검토서식' 확인과 온실가스 배출 산정, 감축 권고, 결과 통지, 내부 데이터 환류까지의 일련의 절차가 정착되어야 하며, 담당 공무원 교육 및 민원인 안내서 마련, 표준 서식 개발, 온라인 자동산정 도구 도입이 반드시 병행되어야 한다. 장기적으로는 인센티브 설계(배출감축 사업에 대해 인허가 절차 간소화, 지방세 감면, 녹색금융 연계 등)가 필요하며, 위성·IoT 등 첨단정보기술을 활용해 실시간 모니터링과 데이터 관리가 이루어지도록 해야 한다.
국내외 사례분석에서는 영국 첼트넘·독일 함부르크·뉴질랜드·필리핀 등 주요 도시와 국가들이 정교한 기후영향 평가체계, 디지털 평가도구, 재정지원 연계, 국제표준화 등 발전된 거버넌스를 구현하고 있음을 확인하였다. 이들은 정책의 투명성과 실효성을 높이기 위해 평가 결과의 시각적 공개와 자동화, 실무자-정책결정자 공동 검증, 민관 협력 등을 핵심축으로 삼고 있다.
본 연구의 주요 정책 제안은 기후인지 사전심사청구제의 단계적 제도화, 소규모 개발사업의 관리의무화, 온실가스 배출량 자동산정 플랫폼 구축, 인센티브 강화, 공무원·민원인 대상 교육과 매뉴얼 마련, 클라우드 기반 통합정책플랫폼 구축, 첨단기술을 기반으로 한 행정 시스템 디지털화, 시범사업 우선 시행 및 전국 확산 추진 등이다. 정책효과 분석, 국제기준 연계, 사회적 확장성까지 고려한 후속연구의 필요성도 강조된다. 궁극적으로, 기후인지 사전심사청구제의 도입은 지방정부의 기후위기 대응역량과 지역 공동체의 책무의식을 한층 강화하며, 실질적인 탄소중립 이행체계의 지역기반을 다지는 혁신적 제도모델로 자리매김할 것이다.

제I장 서론 ························································································································· 1

1. 연구의 배경 및 목적 ·······································································································1

2. 연구의 범위 및 방법 ·····································································································4

제II장 기후인지 사전심사청구제의 개념 및 법적 근거 ··················································· 6

1. 기후인지 사전심사청구제 개요 ························································································6 

2. 법적·제도적 도입 타당성 분석 ······················································································10 

3. 국내외 유관 사례 분석과 시사점 ··················································································13

제III장 온실가스 배출량 산정 및 배출 영향 분석 ························································ 25

1. 인허가 유형별 온실가스 배출 특성 분석 ·····································································25

2. 온실가스 배출량 산정 방법론 ·······················································································30

3. 온실가스 배출량 산정 예시 ···························································································33

제IV장 기후인지 사전심사청구제 운영방안 ··································································· 37

1. 운영방안 제시 ················································································································37

2. 평가 및 환류 체계 ········································································································41

제V장 결론 및 정책 제언 ······························································································ 44

1. 연구 결과 요약 및 시사점 ····························································································44

2. 정책적 제언 및 향후 연구 방향 ·················································································47

참고문헌 ·························································································································· 50

제1장 서 론 ························································································· 01

1. 연구 배경 및 목적 ······················································································ 03

2. 연구 범위 및 방법 ······················································································ 05

3. 주요 연구내용 ····························································································· 08

4. 연구 흐름도 ································································································· 09

제2장 관련 이론 및 정책 동향 ··························································· 11

1. 관련 제도 현황 ··························································································· 13

2. 관련 정책 동향 ··························································································· 24

3. 선행연구 검토와 차별성 ·············································································· 33

제3장 금강수계관리기금 성과평가 및 분석 ········································· 37

1. 금강유역 물환경 현황 ················································································· 39

2. 금강수계관리기금 운용현황 및 평가 ·························································· 54

3. 금강수계관리기금 운용의 문제점 분석 ······················································· 89

4. 이해관계자 의견수렴(설문조사) ································································ 101

제4장 금강수계관리기금 운용 개선방향 ············································ 115

1. 금강수계관리기금 의사결정 방식 전환의 필요성 ···································· 117

2. 생태계서비스를 고려한 유역기반 수변구역 관리체계 개선 ······················ 138

3. 물관리 제도 변화와 연계한 수계기금 운용의 변화 ······································152

4. 금강수계관리기금 운용 개선 기본방향 ··························································157

5. 금강수계관리기금 운용 개선방안 ···································································160

제5장 결 론 ······················································································· 173

1. 연구 요약 ·································································································· 175

2. 정책제언 ···································································································· 178

3. 연구의 한계 및 향후 과제 ······································································· 182

참고문헌 ····························································································· 183

부 록 ································································································· 186